Fluorene based π-Conjugated System for Multifunctional Applications

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Interfacial Interaction Enhanced Rheological Behavior in PAM/CTAC/Salt Aqueous Solution—A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study

Interfacial interactions within a multi-phase polymer solution play critical roles in processing control and mass transportation in chemical engineering. However, the understandings of these roles remain unexplored due to the complexity of the system. In this study, we used an efficient analytical method—a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation—to unveil the molecular interactions and rheology of a multiphase solution containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), polyacrylamide (PAM), and sodium salicylate (NaSal). The associated macroscopic rheological characteristics and shear viscosity of the polymer/surfactant solution were investigated, where the computational results agreed well with the experimental data. The relation between the characteristic time and shear rate was consistent with the power law. By simulating the shear viscosity of the polymer/surfactant solution, we found that the phase transition of micelles within the mixture led to a non-monotonic increase in the viscosity of the mixed solution with the increase in concentration of CTAC or PAM. We expect this optimized molecular dynamic approach to advance the current understanding on chemical–physical interactions within polymer/surfactant mixtures at the molecular level and enable emerging engineering solutions

What Affects Chinese Residents’ Perceptions of Climate Change?

The theme of global sustainable development has changed from environmental management to climate governance, and relevant policies on climate governance urgently need to be implemented by the public. The public understanding of climate change has become the prerequisite and basis for implementing various climate change policies. In order to explore the affected factors of climate change perception among Chinese residents, this study was conducted across 31 provinces and regions of China through field household surveys and interviews. Combined with the residents&rsquo; perception of climate change with the possible affected factors, the related factors affecting Chinese residents&rsquo; perception of climate change were explored. The results show that the perceptive level of climate change of Chinese residents is related to the education level and the household size of residents. Improving public awareness of climate change risk in the context of climate change through multiple channels will also help to improve residents&rsquo; awareness of climate change. On the premise of improving the level of national education, improving education on climate change in school education and raising awareness of climate change risk among dependents will help to improve the level of Chinese residents&rsquo; awareness of climate change, which could be instrumental in promoting public participation in climate change mitigation an dadaptation actions</p

Focusing on the patterns and characteristics of extraordinarily severe gas explosion accidents in Chinese coal mines

Extraordinarily severe gas explosion accidents (ESGEAs) (thirty fatalities or more in one accident) have a high occurrence frequency in Chinese coal mines. There are 126 ESGEAs that occurred in China from 1950 to 2015, and they were investigated through statistical methods in this study to review the overall circumstances and to provide quantitative information on ESGEAs. Statistical characteristics about accident-related factors, such as gas accumulation, ignition sources, operating locations, accident time, coal mine regions and coal mine ownership, were assessed in this paper. The statistical analysis shows that disorganized ventilation fan management was the most frequent cause of gas accumulation in ESGEAs, while illegal blasting was the most prominent cause of the ignition source in ESGEAs. Furthermore, ESGEAs were found to occur frequently in certain provinces (e.g., Shanxi, Henan and Heilongjiang) and during November and December of the year. Moreover, most accidents and the largest death tolls generally occur in state-owned coal mines. Based on the results of statistical studies, some countermeasures were proposed in this study

Classification of colon adenocarcinoma based on immunological characterizations: Implications for prognosis and immunotherapy

Accurate immune molecular typing is pivotal for screening out patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) who may benefit from immunotherapy and whose tumor microenvironment (TME) was needed for reprogramming to beneficial immune-mediated responses. However, little is known about the immune characteristic of COAD. Here, by calculating the enrichment score of immune characteristics in three online COAD datasets (TCGA-COAD, GSE39582, and GSE17538), we identified 17 prognostic-related immune characteristics that overlapped in at least two datasets. We determined that COADs could be stratified into three immune subtypes (IS1–IS3), based on consensus clustering of these 17 immune characteristics. Each of the three ISs was associated with distinct clinicopathological characteristics, genetic aberrations, tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition, immunophenotyping (immune “hot” and immune “cold”), and cytokine profiles, as well as different clinical outcomes and immunotherapy/therapeutic response. Patients with the IS1 tumor had high immune infiltration but immunosuppressive phenotype, IS3 tumor is an immune “hot” phenotype, whereas those with the IS2 tumor had an immune “cold” phenotype. We further verified the distinct immune phenotype of IS1 and IS3 by an in-house COAD cohort. We propose that the immune subtyping can be utilized to identify COAD patients who will be affected by the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the ISs may provide a guide for personalized cancer immunotherapy and for tumor prognosis

Time-Dependent Shear-Induced Nonlinear Viscosity Effects in Dilute CTAC/NaSal Solutions: Mechanism Analyses

The time-dependent shear-induced nonlinear viscosity effects of dilute surfactant solutions (CTAC/NaSal) at constant shear rate were tested by using the rheometer Couette cell. The apparent viscosity evolution curve can be divided into five stages: weak shear-thickening (Stage I), weak shear-thinning and plateau (Stage II), sharp shear-thickening (Stage III), oscillating adjustment (Stage IV), and rough plateau (Stage V). In Stage I, the stretching effects of shear flow lead to the weak increase in apparent viscosity at the inception of shearing. The apparent viscosity curve firstly decreases in Stage II and then levels off. The apparent viscosity plateau is caused by the forming and slipping of micellar lumps at the inner cylinder wall surface. Once the volume of lump exceeds a certain degree, the nucleation process of forming SIS is triggered, which is the beginning of Stage III and then the apparent viscosity increases sharply. The variations of apparent viscosity in adjusting period are rather complicated in Stage IV, and the variations mainly depend on the situation of SISs network. In Stage V, coupled with obvious oscillations, the apparent viscosity maintains a basically constant plateau value, indicating that the SISs network is fully developed and saturated at the corresponding shear rate