ANALYSIS OF WEATHER AND CLOUDS BY SURFACE SYNOPTIC DATA AT SYOWA STATION

Statistical analysis was done on the daily surface synoptic data at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Monthly mean values of weather and clouds were calculated to discuss the normal conditions and trends. Normal weather conditions are discussed and the results are used in review of the Syowa Station manual on weather forecasting. The results of calculated normal cloud conditions show that there exists a seasonal variation of cloud types. There is a positive correlation coefficient 0.69 between the monthly mean cloud amount in January and the sunspot number. From late spring to summer, however, there exist the significant trends in monthly mean cloud amounts and in the surface wind speed. After 1981 to 1993,October through December mean cloud amount, December through February 850hPa wind velocity, December through February surface wind velocity are 6.8,8.0m/s, 5.5m/s respectively, while they are 6.0,7.2m/s, 4.3m/s before 1980. Climate at Syowa may be affected by SST change of the Indian Ocean. This easterly wind acceleration is consistent with the MRI GCM prediction related to SST change

Meteorological observations at Syowa Station in 1993 by the 34th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition

This paper describes the results of meteorological observations carried out by the Meteorological Observation Team of the 34th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-34) from 1 February 1993 to 31 January 1994 at Syowa Station. The method of observations, instruments, and statistics at Syowa Station were the same as those of the JARE-33 team. The principal characteristics in the period of JARE-34 are as follows : 1) Annual mean surface air pressure and temperature were somewhat lower than normal. 2) Blizzards were encountered 34 times. There was a record strong blizzard in December. 3) In the stratosphere, air temperature was very low in winter and spring. 4) The deepest ozone hole to date was observed. Total ozone recorded 140m atm-cm on 11th October, the lowest ever at Syowa Station. 5) With the Brewer spectrophotometer, solar spectral UV irradiance was observed through the whole year

DATA-LOGGING AUTOMATIC WEATHER STATION ALONG THE TRAVERSE ROUTE FROM SYOWA STATION TO DOME FUJI

This paper introduces the unmanned meteorological observation system along the traverse route to Dome Fuji (3810m a.s.l.), and summarizes the results of the low temperature test and operation in the Antarctic. The Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) recently extended a regular research route to Dome Fuji. From the climatological point of view, this area has one of the sparsest meteorological data networks in Antarctica. In order to obtain meteorological data in this area, automatic weather stations (AWS) using data loggers were tested in a cold box and installed at Dome Fuji, Relay Point (3300m a.s.l.), Mizuho Station (2230m a.s.l.) and S25 (840m a.s.l.) in the coastal region, and A2 on the fast-ice, during JARE-34 in 1992-1994.The observation sites between Relay Point and Syowa Station were checked in January 1994. It was confirmed that the data loggers worked successfully through the year in 1993,but there were interruptions in the wind data. It can be concluded that the data logger is satisfactory for use in inland Antarctica, but problems remain to improve sensors and to arrange fail-safe setting of loggers and instruments

REPORT ON THE RESULTS OF REGIONAL OZONE SOUNDINGS IN ANTARCTICA 1993

The 34th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition carried out continuous ozone sonde observations during the first 10 days of September 1993 to examine the dynamical effect on the variation of ozone amount at the time when the ozone hole appeared. These observations were done in cooperation with Neumayer Base (Germany) and Maitri Base (India). From September 1 to September 9,every day at 12 UTC, at these three bases ozone sondes were launched and vertical distributions of ozone were observed at the same time. At Syowa Station ozone flights were made eight times except on September 2,although the weather was not good for observations. Since unfortunately we have not yet received the data of Maitri in detail, we compared the data of Neumayer and Syowa. According to the backward trajectory at 90,70,50,30hPa standard pressure levels, it took 24 hours for upper air to move from Neumayer Base to Syowa Station. Daily vertical distribution data at Syowa do not show any coincidence with those at Neumayer on the same day. But vertical distribution data at Neumayer coincide with the following day\u27s data at Syowa. This coincidence indicates movement of the atmosphere

ダイ 34 ジ ナンキョク チイキ カンソクタイ キショウ ブモン ホウコク 1993

この報告は第34次南極地域観測隊気象部門が, 1993年2月1日から1994年1月31日まで昭和基地において行った気象観測結果をまとめたものである。観測方法, 設備, 結果の取り扱い等は, 第33次観測隊とほぼ同じである。越冬期間中特記される現象として, 以下のものがあげられる。1)地上気象観測結果によると, 平年に比べ気圧及び気温が著しく低い1年であった。2)合計34回のブリザードがあった。なかでも12月には記録的な強風のA級ブリザードが来襲した。3)最近数年の傾向と同様に, 春期成層圏の著しい低温現象がみられた。成層圏では冬期の低温も顕著であった。4)オゾン全量観測の結果, 過去最大規模のオゾンホールが観測された。全量値は10月11日には140m atm-cmと過去最低値を記録した。5)ブリューワ分光光度計によって, 初めて1年を通じた波長別紫外域日射観測を行った。This paper describes the results of meteorological observations carried out by the Meteorological Observation Team of the 34th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-34) from 1 February 1993 to 31 January 1994 at Syowa Station. The method of observations, instruments, and statistics at Syowa Station were the same as those of the JARE-33 team. The principal characteristics in the period of JARE-34 are as follows : 1) Annual mean surface air pressure and temperature were somewhat lower than normal. 2) Blizzards were encountered 34 times. There was a record strong blizzard in December. 3) In the stratosphere, air temperature was very low in winter and spring. 4) The deepest ozone hole to date was observed. Total ozone recorded 140m atm-cm on 11th October, the lowest ever at Syowa Station. 5) With the Brewer spectrophotometer, solar spectral UV irradiance was observed through the whole year