Allelopathy regulates wheat genotypes performance at the enhancement stage by soil water and prohydrojasmon (PDJ)

Growth adaptation and allelopathic potential of four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions has been investigated in pot experiments by prohydrojasmon (PDJ, 10 - 5M) and soil water (75 and 45%) at the enhancement stage. This paper also presented the performance of photosynthesis, water use and weed suppression. The effect of soil water and PDJ on wheat performance displayed significant differences depending on tested wheat cultivars and measured parameters. Water deficit decreased plant biomass significantly and changed phenotypic characteristics like plant height and leaf area of wheat. However, PDJ was found to stimulate wheat root growth and development so as to enhance pressure resistance and induce strong allelopathic potential and weed resistance. Physiological response in var. Lankao 95 - 25 to water shortage and PDJ was significantly relative to net photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency. Water deficit and PDJ would lead to plant phenotype and photosynthesis change and consequently, influence allelopathic expression and weed suppression of wheat based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Water deficit would induce the production and accumulation of more allelochemicals in wheat by passive transport of energy cost. Differing the regulation mechanism of water stress, PDJ showed active transport of energy supply in allelopathic stimulation, which implied that PDJ mainly exhibited its hormone effect to regulate and control wheat growth and development such as improving phenotypic features on competition at the basis of increasing growth cost. Therefore, it was possible for artificial measures to regulate allelopathic potential and weed resistance capacity of winter wheat cultivars, especially, in the arid areas of Loess Plateau of China.Keyword: Allelopathic potential, inducible regulation and interaction, prohydrojasmon, soil water stress, weed suppression, winter wheatAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(33), pp. 5430-5440, 16 August, 201

Superconductivity in the nodal-line compound La3_3Pt3_3Bi4_4

Owing to the specific topological states in nodal-line semimetals, novel topological superconductivity is expected to emerge in these systems. In this letter, by combination of the first-principles calculations and resistivity, susceptibility and specific heat measurements, we demonstrate that La$_3$Pt$_3$Bi$_4$ is a topologically nontrivial nodal-ring semimetal protected by the gliding-mirror symmetry even in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Meanwhile, we discover bulk superconductivity with a transition temperature of $\sim$1.1 K, and an upper critical field of $\sim$0.41 T. These findings demonstrate that La$_3$Pt$_3$Bi$_4$ provides a material platform for studying novel superconductivity in the nodal-ring system

Allelopathy regulates wheat genotypes performance at the enhancement stage by soil water and prohydrojasmon (PDJ)

Growth adaptation and allelopathic potential of four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions has been investigated in pot experiments by prohydrojasmon (PDJ, 10 - 5M) and soil water (75 and 45%) at the enhancement stage. This paper also presented the performance of photosynthesis, water use and weed suppression. The effect of soil water and PDJ on wheat performance displayed significant differences depending on tested wheat cultivars and measured parameters. Water deficit decreased plant biomass significantly and changed phenotypic characteristics like plant height and leaf area of wheat. However, PDJ was found to stimulate wheat root growth and development so as to enhance pressure resistance and induce strong allelopathic potential and weed resistance. Physiological response in var. Lankao 95 - 25 to water shortage and PDJ was significantly relative to net photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency. Water deficit and PDJ would lead to plant phenotype and photosynthesis change and consequently, influence allelopathic expression and weed suppression of wheat based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Water deficit would induce the production and accumulation of more allelochemicals in wheat by passive transport of energy cost. Differing the regulation mechanism of water stress, PDJ showed active transport of energy supply in allelopathic stimulation, which implied that PDJ mainly exhibited its hormone effect to regulate and control wheat growth and development such as improving phenotypic features on competition at the basis of increasing growth cost. Therefore, it was possible for artificial measures to regulate allelopathic potential and weed resistance capacity of winter wheat cultivars, especially, in the arid areas of Loess Plateau of China

Branch Growth, Leaf Canopies and Photosynthetic Responses of <i>Zizyphus jujube</i> cv. “Huizao” to Nutrient Addition in the Arid Areas of Northwest China

Jujube is one of the main tree species found in the arid areas of Xinjiang, China. However, the nutritional requirements of central leader jujube trees are not understood. Our aim was to explore the effects of different fertilization gradients on the growth, development, and canopy formation of jujube trees to provide a basis for efficient cultivation. We measured and compared various suitable indices of jujube trees under 16 different fertilization treatments, and we confirmed the treatments suitable for cultivation by correlation and principal component analyses. The jujube tree growth indices under different fertilization treatments significantly differed (p p p p 2O5 460.77 g/tree, and K2O 588.23 g/tree) performed better. To ensure branch and leaf growth, this treatment promoted photosynthesis, enabling the growth and development of fruit trees

MHD flow and heat transfer of fractional Maxwell viscoelastic nanofluid over a moving plate

This paper studies the unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a fractional Maxwell viscoelastic nanofluid over a moving plate. The nonlinear fractional boundary layer governing equations of nanofluid are formulated with time dependent fractional derivatives in the convection terms, which are solved by finite difference method combined with an L1-algorithm. The influences of involved parameters (fractional derivative parameters, relaxation times, magnetic parameter and the volume fraction of nanoparticles) on the velocity and temperature fields are presented graphically. Results show that the convection flow and heat transfer are enhanced by the velocity and temperature relaxation time, but weakened by the velocity and temperature fractional derivative parameters, respectively. Moreover, the average Nusselt number increases with the rise of the fractional derivative parameters, while the average skin friction coefficient is only affected by the velocity fractional derivative parameter

Effects of Nitrogen Conservation Measures on the Nitrogen Uptake by Cotton Plants and Nitrogen Residual in Soil Profile in Extremely Arid Areas of Xinjiang, China

This study researched the effects of using various nitrogen (N) conservation measures on the residual characteristics of nitrate and ammonium N in soil and the associated N uptake by cotton plants. A field experiment with six treatments was conducted, as follows, no N application (DT1), conventional N application (DT2), 60% conventional N application combined with DCD (DT3), 60% conventional N application combined with NBPT (DT4), 60% conventional N application combined with cotton straw returning (DT5), and 60% conventional N application combined with DCD, NBPT, and cotton straw returning (DT6). The results showed that the cotton straws in the DT5 treatment were beneficial for the vegetative growth of cotton seedlings. However, it was observed that the later performance of the plants in this sample was poor in terms of height, biomass, and yield of cotton. The plant height in the DT6 sample increased by 15 cm compared with those in DT1, and the soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) values of the fourth leaf from the top of the DT6 plants were higher than those in the DT1 and DT4 samples. The DT6 plants (60% Urea + DCD + NBPT + cotton straw) increased N use efficiency by up to 47%, and no significant decrease in biomass and cotton yield was observed compared to the DT2 sample. The residual content of nitrate N in the tillage layer increased gradually over time between two rounds of drip irrigation treatment applications. Compared with the DT2 treatment, the other treatments resulted in lower residual nitrate N contents. In summary, the application of N fertilizers at a reduced rate combined with N conservation measures may increase N use efficiency and decrease the risk of non-point source N fertilizer pollution, while maintaining the cotton yield

Major breakthrough of Well Gaotan 1 and exploration prospects of lower assemblage in southern margin of Junggar Basin, NW China

Well Gaotan 1 was tested a high yield oil and gas flow of more than 1 000 m3 a day in the Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation, marking a major breakthrough in the lower assemblage of the southern margin of Junggar Basin. The lower assemblage in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin has favorable geological conditions for forming large Petroleum fields, including: (1) Multiple sets of source rocks, of which the Jurassic and Permian are the main source rocks, with a large source kitchen. (2) Multiple sets of effective reservoirs, namely Cretaceous Qingshuihe Formation, Jurassic Toutunhe Formation and the Khalza Formation etc. (3) Regional thick mudstone caprock of Cretaceous Tugulu Group, generally with abnormally high pressure and good sealing ability. (4) Giant structural traps and litho-stratigraphic traps are developed. The northern slope also has the conditions for large-scale litho-stratigraphic traps. (5) Static elements such as source rocks, reservoirs and caprocks are well matched, and the dynamic evolution is suitable for large oil and gas accumulation. The lower assemblage of the southern margin of the Junggar Basin has three favorable exploration directions, the Sikeshu Sag in the west part, the large structures in the middle and eastern part, and the northern slope. Key Words: southern margin of Junggar Basin, Well Gaotan 1, lower assemblage, accumulation condition, exploration directio

Formation, distribution, resource potential, and discovery of Sinian–Cambrian giant gas field, Sichuan Basin, SW China

The Anyue Sinian–Cambrian giant gas field was discovered in central paleo-uplift in the Sichuan Basin in 2013, which is a structural-lithological gas reservoir, with 779.9 km2 proven gas-bearing area and 4 403.8×108 m3 proven geological reserves in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Moxi Block, and the discovery implies it possesses trillion-cubic-meter reserves in the Sinian. Cambrian Formations in Sichuan Basin. The main understandings achieved are as follows: (1) Sinian–Cambrian sedimentary filling sequences and division evidence are redetermined; (2) During Late Sinian and Early Cambrian, “Deyang–Anyue” paleo-taphrogenic trough was successively developed and controlled the distribution of source rocks in the Lower-Cambrian, characterized by 20–160 m source rock thickness, TOC 1.7%–3.6% and Ro 2.0%–3.5%; (3) Carbonate edge platform occurred in the Sinian Dengying Formation, and carbonate gentle slope platform occurred in the Longwangmiao Formation, with large-scale grain beach near the synsedimentary paleo- uplift; (4) Two types of gas-bearing reservoir, i.e. carbonate fracture-vug type in the Sinian Dengying Formation and dolomite pore type in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, and superposition transformation of penecontemporaneous dolomitization and supergene karst formed high porosity-permeability reservoirs, with 3%–4% porosity and (1–6)×10−3 μm2 permeability in the Sinian Dengying Formation, and 4%–5% porosity and (1–5)×10−3 μm2 permeability in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation; (5) Large paleo-oil pool occurred in the core of the paleo-uplift during late Hercynian—Indosinian, with over 5 000 km2 and (48–63)×108 t oil resources, and then in the Yanshanian period, in-situ crude oil cracked to generate gas and dispersive liquid hydrocarbons in deep slope cracked to generate gas, both of which provide sufficient gas for the giant gas field; (6) The formation and retention of the giant gas field is mainly controlled by paleo-taphrogenic trough, paleo-platform, paleo-oil pool cracking gas and paleo-uplift jointly; (7) Total gas resources of the Sinian–Cambrian giant gas field are preliminarily predicted to be about 5×1012 m3, and the paleo-uplift and its slope, southern Sichuan Basin depression and deep formations of the high and steep structure belt in east Sichuan, are key exploration plays. The discovery of deep Anyue Sinian–Cambrian giant primay oil-cracking gas field in the Sichuan Basin, is the first in global ancient strata exploration, which is of great inspiration for extension of oil & gas discoveries for global middle-deep formations from Lower Paleozoic to Middle–Upper Proterozoic strata. Key words: Sichuan Basin, Anyue gas field, Fuling shale gas field, paleo-taphrogenic trough, paleo-oil pool, paleo-uplift, carbonate platform, unconventional oil and gas, shale gas, Weiyuan shale gas fiel