Clinical characteristics of the study population.

<p>The data are shown as the mean ± SD or n (%).</p>*<p>different from the value in the healthy subject group.</p>**<p>different from the value in the no LVH group.</p>***<p>different from the value in the mild LVH group.</p>†<p>Subjects without hypertension, obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m²), IFG and LVH.</p><p>IFG, impaired fasting glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; Log-HOMA-IR, log-transformed HOMA-IR; Log-ADPN, log-transformed adiponectin.</p

Variations in the correlation between LVMI and Log-ADPN according to the risk of LVH.

<p>* <i>p</i><0.05. † The highest quartile for the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. ‡ BMI ≥25 kg/m². Log-ADPN is centered around the mean. The direction of the correlations between adiponectin level and LVMI gradually changes from negative to positive with the number of LVH risk factors in both scoring methods. LVMI, left ventricular mass index; Log-ADPN, log-transformed adiponectin; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.</p

The relationship between LVMI and other variables.

*<p>The regression analysis was performed using the stepwise method.</p><p>LVMI, left ventricular mass index; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Log-HOMA-IR, log-transformed homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance; Log-ADPN, log-transformed adiponectin; <i>NS</i>, not significant.</p

Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis for the determinants of LVMI in subjects at high or low risk of LVH.

*<p><i>p</i><0.05,</p>†<p><i>p</i><0.001.</p><p>– The numbers are the standardized β weights of the determinants.</p><p>– Obesity is defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m².</p><p>– Low and high arterial stiffness are defined as the lowest and the highest quartiles of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, respectively.</p><p>LVMI, left ventricular mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Log-HOMA-IR, log-transformed homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance; Log-ADPN, log-transformed adiponectin.</p

Correlations between Log-ADPN and LVMI.

*<p>Body mass index <25 kg/m².</p>†<p>and ^‡ The lowest and highest quartiles, respectively, for the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.</p><p>Log-ADPN, log-transformed adiponectin; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; <i>NS</i>, not significant.</p

The adiponectin level and LVMI according to the severity of LVH.

<p>The bars and whiskers indicate the means and standard deviations. * Subjects without hypertension, obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m²), impaired fasting glucose and LVH. LVMI increases with the severity of LVH. Adiponectin in the healthy subjects is higher than in subjects without LVH, whereas adiponectin in subjects without LVH is lower than in subjects with moderate to severe LVH. LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.</p

Risk stratification for LVH.

<p>Data for LVMI and adiponectin are shown as the mean ± SD.</p><p>The odds ratios gradually increase with the number of risk factors.</p>*<p>In comparison to the subjects with no risk factors.</p>†<p>Body mass index ≥25 kg/m²_.</p>‡<p>The highest quartile of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.</p><p>LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.</p

Interactions of the risk factors for LVH with the relationship between Log-ADPN and LVMI.

*<p>(Centered Log-ADPN) × (Centered variables).</p>†<p>Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m².</p>‡<p>The highest quartile for the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity.</p><p>Log-ADPN, age ≥50, hypertension, arterial stiffness, scoring method 1 and scoring method 2 were centered around their means.</p><p>LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; Log-ADPN, log-transformed adiponectin.</p

Additional file 1: of S-amlodipine plus chlorthalidone vs. S-amlodipine plus telmisartan in hypertensive patients unresponsive to amlodipine monotherapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

SPIRIT 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (DOC 124 kb