Ultrasensitive Measurement of Angular Rotations via Hermite-Gaussian Pointer

Exploring high sensitivity on the measurement of angular rotations is an outstanding challenge in optics and metrology. In this work, we employ the mn-order Hermite-Gaussian beam in the weak measurement scheme with an angular rotation interaction, where the rotation information is taken by another HG mode state completely after the post-selection. By taking a projective measurement on the final light beam, the precision of angular rotation is improved by a factor of 2mn+m+n. For verification, we perform an optical experiment where the minimum detectable angular rotation improves $\sqrt{15}$-fold with HG55 mode over that of HG11 mode, and achieves a sub-microradian scale of the measurement precision. Our theoretical framework and experimental results not only provide a more practical and convenient scheme for ultrasensitive measurement of angular rotations, but also contribute to a wide range of applications in quantum metrology.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Published in Photonics Researc

Astaxanthin Reduces Retinal Damage in Diabetes Mice by Inhibiting Iron Death through Regulating Nrf2/Gpx4 Signaling Pathway

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of astaxanthin on retinal damage in diabetes mice. Methods: The mice were randomly divided into four groups: Normal group, model group, low-dose astaxanthin group and high-dose astaxanthin group. Retinal injury model of diabetes mice induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) combined with high-fat diet. The fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance were measured by blood glucose meter. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mouse retina were measured by spectrophotometry. The expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) in mouse retina were determined by immunoblotting. Observating the pathological changes of mice retina in each group using HE staining method. Results: The astaxanthin could reduce the level of fasting blood glucose in diabetic mice (P<0.05, P<0.01) and high dose of astaxanthin could ameliorate the insulin resistance of diabetic mice (P<0.01). Astaxanthin could reduce the contents of MDA and Fe2+ in the retina of diabetes mice, and increased the activities of GSH-PX and SOD (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, the results of Western blotting showed that astaxanthin could significantly increase the expression of GPX4, Nrf2, FTH1 protein in the retina of diabetes mice, and reduced the expression of TFR1 protein (P<0.05, P<0.01). The pathological section results showed that, after the intervention of astaxanthin, the damage of mouse retinal inner nuclear layer cells, outer nuclear layer cells and mouse retinal ganglion cell layer were significantly reduced. Conclusion: Astaxanthin could inhibit ferroptosis through antioxidation and up-regulation of Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway, and alleviate retinal damage in diabetes

Multi-Mounted X-Ray Computed Tomography.

Most existing X-ray computed tomography (CT) techniques work in single-mounted mode and need to scan the inspected objects one by one. It is time-consuming and not acceptable for the inspection in a large scale. In this paper, we report a multi-mounted CT method and its first engineering implementation. It consists of a multi-mounted scanning geometry and the corresponding algebraic iterative reconstruction algorithm. This approach permits the CT rotation scanning of multiple objects simultaneously without the increase of penetration thickness and the signal crosstalk. Compared with the conventional single-mounted methods, it has the potential to improve the imaging efficiency and suppress the artifacts from the beam hardening and the scatter. This work comprises a numerical study of the method and its experimental verification using a dataset measured with a developed multi-mounted X-ray CT prototype system. We believe that this technique is of particular interest for pushing the engineering applications of X-ray CT

Synergies and trade-offs across sustainable development goals: A novel method incorporating indirect interactions analysis

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are presented as significantly interacted. This database shows the direct-relation synergy matrix and trade-off matrix of 150 SDG targets. </p

The standard derivation values of background regions marked by the rectangles in Figs 6 and 7.

<p>The standard derivation values of background regions marked by the rectangles in Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153406#pone.0153406.g006" target="_blank">6</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153406#pone.0153406.g007" target="_blank">7</a>.</p

The developed MMCT system.

<p>(a) is the structural diagram of the developed MMCT system and (b) the photo.</p

The figure used for calculating the maximum number of inspected objects simultaneously by the MMCT system.

<p>Here the rotation center is shifted to detector and geometrical magnification is ignored.</p

Silencing NOB1 Can Affect Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Via the C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway in Colorectal Cancer

Objectives To investigate the bio-functions and the molecular mechanisms of NIN1/proteasome 26S subunit non-ATPase 8 binding protein 1 homolog (NOB1) in colorectal cancer cells. Methods NOB1 expression was silenced using si-RNA in SW480 and LoVo cells. The transfection efficiency was measured by western blotting and RT-qPCR. Subsequently, the proliferation of SW480 and LoVo cells was determined using both MTT assay and colony-formation assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were determined using flow cytometry. Results Compared with the normal control (NC) and scramble cells, si-NOB1 could significantly attenuate the proliferation, colony-formation ability and cell percentage of S stage (p < 0.05). Additionally, at the phosphorylation level, si-NOB1 could notably increase the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38. Conclusions Inhibition of NOB1 expression suppressed the proliferation, and promoted the apoptosis through regulation of the JNK signaling pathway

Three methods to obtain the projection matrix for a specific ray.

<p>(a) is based on passing or not, (b) area and (c) length.</p

The conventional 3rd CT experimental results.

<p>(a) is one of the two-dimensional projection images, (b) the projection sinogram and (c) the reconstructed images with ART in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0153406#pone.0153406.e001" target="_blank">Eq (1)</a>. (c) is displayed into (d) by histogram equalization.</p