650 research outputs found
Local dielectric spectroscopy of near-surface glassy polymer dynamics
A non-contact scanning-probe-microscopy method was used to probe local
near-surface dielectric susceptibility and dielectric relaxation in
poly-vinyl-acetate (PVAc) near the glass transition. Dielectric spectra were
measured from 10-4 Hz to 102 Hz as a function of temperature. The measurements
probed a 20 nm thick layer below the free-surface of a bulk film. A small (4 K)
reduction in glass transition temperature and moderate narrowing of the
distribution of relaxation times was found. In contrast to results for
ultra-thin-films confined on or between metallic electrodes, no reduction in
the dielectric strength was found, inconsistent with the immobilization of
slower modes.Comment: submitte
Concept-free Causal Disentanglement with Variational Graph Auto-Encoder
In disentangled representation learning, the goal is to achieve a compact
representation that consists of all interpretable generative factors in the
observational data. Learning disentangled representations for graphs becomes
increasingly important as graph data rapidly grows. Existing approaches often
rely on Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) or its causal structure learning-based
refinement, which suffer from sub-optimality in VAEs due to the independence
factor assumption and unavailability of concept labels, respectively. In this
paper, we propose an unsupervised solution, dubbed concept-free causal
disentanglement, built on a theoretically provable tight upper bound
approximating the optimal factor. This results in an SCM-like causal structure
modeling that directly learns concept structures from data. Based on this idea,
we propose Concept-free Causal VGAE (CCVGAE) by incorporating a novel causal
disentanglement layer into Variational Graph Auto-Encoder. Furthermore, we
prove concept consistency under our concept-free causal disentanglement
framework, hence employing it to enhance the meta-learning framework, called
concept-free causal Meta-Graph (CC-Meta-Graph). We conduct extensive
experiments to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed models: CCVGAE and
CC-Meta-Graph, reaching up to and absolute improvements over
baselines in terms of AUC, respectively
Simulated Effects of Cropland Expansion on Summer Climate in Eastern China in the Last Three Centuries
To understand the effects of the land use/cover changes due to agricultural development on summer climate in Eastern China, four 12-year simulations using the WRF-SSiB model were performed. We found that agricultural development resulted in warming and rainy effects. In the middle to lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the warming effects were approximately 0.6°C and resulted from increased surface net radiation and sensible heat fluxes. In Northeast China, the warming effects were very small due to increases in latent heat fluxes which resulted from the extensive conversion from grassland to cropland. The rainy effect resulted from increases in convective rainfall, which was associated with a warming surface in certain areas of the Yellow River and Yangtze River and a large increase in the surface moisture flux in Northeast China. Conversely, in the middle to lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the grid-scale rainfall decreased because the climatological northward wind, which is moist and warm, was partially offset by a southward wind anomaly. These findings suggest that the agricultural development left footprints not only on the present climate but also on the historical climate changes before the industrial revolution
STAIBT: Blockchain and CP-ABE Empowered Secure and Trusted Agricultural IoT Blockchain Terminal
The integration of agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain has become the key technology of precision agriculture. How to protect data privacy and security from data source is one of the difficult issues in agricultural IoT research. This work integrates cryptography, blockchain and Interplanetary File System (IPFS) technologies, and proposes a general IoT blockchain terminal system architecture, which strongly supports the integration of the IoT and blockchain technology. This research innovatively designed a fine-grained and flexible terminal data access control scheme based on the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) algorithm. Based on CP-ABE and DES algorithms, a hybrid data encryption scheme is designed to realize 1-to-N encrypted data sharing. A "horizontal + vertical" IoT data segmentation scheme under blockchain technology is proposed to realize the classified release of different types of data on the blockchain. The experimental results show that the design scheme can ensure data access control security, privacy data confidentiality, and data high-availability security. This solution significantly reduces the complexity of key management, can realize efficient sharing of encrypted data, flexibly set access control strategies, and has the ability to store large data files in the agricultural IoT
Validation of Ray-tracing Simulated Channels for Massive MIMO Systems at Millimeter-wave Bands
Employing large-scale antenna configuration is seenas a key enabling radio technology for 5G and beyondcommunication systems. This work presents validation of ahome-developed ray tracing (RT) tool for massive multipleinputmultiple-output (MIMO) system in the millimeter-wave(mmWave) frequency bands. For this purpose, a channel soundingcampaign in an indoor entrance scenario using a massiveMIMO systems based on virtual array concept is presented. Thechannel measurement of 6 GHz bandwidth (26.5-32.5 GHz) isfirst demonstrated, with a virtual uniform circular array (UCA)consisting of 720 antenna elements located at the transmitterposition on the turntable and one antenna at the receiverposition. The impact of order of interactions e.g. reflections anddiffractions on the channel impulse responses (CIRs) is analyzedin the RT simulation. The comparison between RT simulated andmeasured results shows a reasonable level of agreement
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