2 research outputs found
Enhanced Rate Capability and Low-Temperature Performance of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Anode Material by Facile Surface Fluorination
A commercial
Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> material was modified by
NH<sub>4</sub>F using a facile and dry method at a low temperature
in air. X-ray diffraction reveals that the fluorination did not change
the bulk structure of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that LiF was formed
at the surface and Ti<sup>4+</sup> was partially changed into Ti<sup>3+</sup>. Microscopic images show that some nanoislands were formed
on the surface, which enlarged the surface area. Consequently, the
NH<sub>4</sub>F-modified Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> material exhibited significantly enhanced capacities and rate capabilities,
even at low temperatures. The discharge capacity was increased from
149 to 167 mA h g<sup>–1</sup> at 1 C, and the capacity retention
was increased from 17.8 to 52.0% at 15 C. The capacity retention of
NH<sub>4</sub>F-modified Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> was greater than that of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> at each low-temperature point. Additionally, the introduction of
F can protect the Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> material
from side reactions with the electrolyte and the atmosphere, enhancing
the surface stability and reducing the release of gaseous products.
It is believed that the NH<sub>4</sub>F-modified Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> with enhanced electrochemical performance is
a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. Furthermore,
this facile surface fluorination strategy is amenable to large-scale
production
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Evaluation of different nested PCRs for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ruminants and ticks
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers of A. phagocytophilum, A. centrale, A. ovis, A. marginale, A. bovis, Anaplasma sp. and R. rickettsii isolates analyzed in this study. (DOCX 35 kb