Free-Standing Mn₃O₄@CNF/S Paper Cathodes with High Sulfur Loading for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Free-standing paper cathodes with layer-by-layer structure are synthesized for high-loading lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery. Sulfur is loaded in a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber (CNF) framework impregnated with Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles. The 3D interconnected CNF framework creates an architecture with outstanding mechanical properties. Synergetic effects generated from physical and chemical entrapment could effectively suppress the dissolution and diffusion of the polysulfides. Electrochemical measurements suggest that the rationally designed structure endows the electrode with high utilization of sulfur and good cycle performance. Specifically, the cathode with a high areal sulfur loading of 11 mg cm^–2 exhibits a reversible areal capacity over 8 mAh cm^–2. The fabrication procedure is of low cost and readily scalable. We believe that this work will provide a promising choice for potential practical applications