Estimation of Extreme Quantiles for Functions of Dependent Random Variables

We propose a new method for estimating the extreme quantiles for a function of several dependent random variables. In contrast to the conventional approach based on extreme value theory, we do not impose the condition that the tail of the underlying distribution admits an approximate parametric form, and, furthermore, our estimation makes use of the full observed data. The proposed method is semiparametric as no parametric forms are assumed on all the marginal distributions. But we select appropriate bivariate copulas to model the joint dependence structure by taking the advantage of the recent development in constructing large dimensional vine copulas. Consequently a sample quantile resulted from a large bootstrap sample drawn from the fitted joint distribution is taken as the estimator for the extreme quantile. This estimator is proved to be consistent. The reliable and robust performance of the proposed method is further illustrated by simulation.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure

The Technology of Mould Steel for Online Pre-hardening

AbstractThis article describes a production method of mould steel pre-hardening, and focus on the advantage of this method, The technical core of method is the variable frequency and variable amplitude pulse uniform high-precision temperature control, which achieved by using strong-medium-weak water cooling, gas-water cooling and gas mist cooling composite cooling control technology. Optimizing the cooling rate path is a good method of optimizing quenched organization and structure

The 9p21 locus is associated with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events in the presence (but not in the absence) of coronary calcification.

Variants at the 9p21 locus have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD); coronary artery calcification (CAC) is related to CAD and other cardiovascular events. To determine the association of the 9p21 locus with CAD in the presence and absence of CAC, 4 groups were enrolled in a case-control study, including 527 CAD patients without CAC, 692 CAD patients with CAC, 585 individuals with simple CAC but no CAD, and 725 healthy controls. The rs1333049 representing the locus was associated with CAD in the presence of CAC (odds ratio = 1.38 in allelic analysis, 95%CI, 1.19-1.60, P<0.001), but not in the absence of CAC. Additionally, rs1333049 was not associated with simple CAC or CAC severity/extent in CAD patients with CAC. 849 CAD patients undergoing revascularization (660 with CAC and 189 without CAC) were enrolled in a cohort study to test its association with cardiovascular events in CAD patients with and without CAC in a 3-year follow-up. rs1333049 was significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events in non-target vessels in patients with CAC (hazard ratio = 1.44, 95%CI, 1.08-1.91, P = 0.012), but not in those without CAC. The variants at the 9p21 locus were related to CAD and post-revascularization events only in the presence of CAC, suggesting that they may confer risk of calcification-related coronary atherosclerosis

Acrylic Resin Filling Cell Lumen Enabled Laminated Poplar Veneer Lumber as Structural Building Material

Wood is a viable alternative to traditional steel, cement, and concrete as a structural material for building applications, utilizing renewable resources and addressing the challenges of high energy consumption and environmental pollution in the construction industry. However, the vast supply of fast-growing poplar wood has bottlenecks in terms of low strength and dimensional stability, making it difficult to use as a structural material. An environmentally friendly acrylic resin system was designed and cured in this study to fill the poplar cell cavities, resulting in a new type of poplar laminated veneer lumber with improved mechanical strength and dimensional stability. The optimized acrylic resin system had a solid content of 25% and a curing agent content of 10% of the resin solid content. The cured filled poplar veneer gained 81.36% of its weight and had a density of 0.69 g/cm3. The static flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the further prepared laminated veneer lumber were 123.12 MPa and 12,944.76 MPa, respectively, exceeding the highest flexural strength required for wood structural timber for construction (modulus of elasticity 12,500 MPa and static flexural strength 35 MPa). Its tensile strength, impact toughness, hardness, attrition value, water absorption, water absorption thickness expansion, and water absorption width expansion were 58.81%, 19.50%, 419.18%, 76.83%, 44.38%, 13.90%, and 37.60% higher than untreated laminated veneer lumber, demonstrating improved mechanical strength and dimensional stability, significantly. This method provides a novel approach to encouraging the use of low-value-added poplar wood in high-value-added structural building material applications

The hazard ratio of combined events and events in non-target vessels for rs1333049.

<p>The hazard ratio was adjusted with age, sex, SBP, DBP, BMI, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, smoking, DM, and hypertension status; GG group was as reference. In rs1333049, the allele coding was as the number of minor allele (C).</p

Characteristics of patients enrolled in the cohort study grouped by CAC status and rs1333049 genotype.

<p>Age, BMI, SBP, DBP, glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC values are given as mean (SD); TG values and Ln(CAC score+1) were as median (range), and other values as percentages. *<i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs</i> GG group</p

The distribution of rs1333049 in the case-control study.

<p>Odd ratios in allelic analysis were crude OR, while odds ratios in genotype analysis were adjusted OR stratified by age, sex, BMI, SBP, DBP, cigarette smoking, glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC, TG, hypertension, and DM status.</p>†<p><i>P</i><0.01, ‡<i>P</i><0.001, control group as reference.</p

The association analyses for ln(CAC score+1) and number of calcified vessels using rs1333049 as predictors in a linear regression model in all CAD patients and subgroup with CAC.

<p>The correlation was shown with adjustment for age, sex, SBP, DBP, BMI, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, smoking, DM, and hypertension status. The rs1333049 GG genotype was as reference.</p

The association analysis for number of affected vessels using rs1333049 as predictors in a linear regression model in CAD patients and subgroups.

<p>The correlation was shown with adjustment for age, sex, SBP, DBP, BMI, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, smoking, DM, and hypertension status. The rs1333049 GG genotype was as reference.</p

Clinical characteristics of subjects in the case-control study.

<p>Age, BMI, SBP and DBP, glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC values are given as mean (SD); TG values as median (range), and other values as percentages.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05, †<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> control.</p