HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in 2,306 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma in central and eastern China

BackgroundTo explore the positivity rate and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) tissues in central and eastern China and to provide theoretical basis for cervical cancer screening and prophylactic HPV vaccine development in China.MethodsDNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues of CSCC samples and exfoliated cervical cells of cervical cancer screening populations. 23 HPV genotypes were detected by combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse dot hybridized gene chip detection technology in 2,306 CSCC tissues and 10,245 cervical cancer screening populations. The genotype distribution of HPV infection was analyzed.ResultsThe overall infection rate of HPVs in 2,306 CSCC patients was 92.71%. The frequency of single-type HPV infection and multiple-type HPV infection were 86.48% and 13.51%, respectively. The most common HPV genotypes detected in Chinese CSCC tissues were HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-45, HPV-52, HPV-58, and HPV-59. The overall positivity rate of these eight high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes in HPV-positive CSCC was as high as 96.91%. Of which the positivity rate of seven HR-HPV genotypes related to nine-valent HPV vaccines in HPV-positive CSCC was 95.09%. Meanwhile, the overall infection rates of HR-HPV and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) in female aged 35–64 years who underwent cervical cancer screening were 13.16% and 1.32%, respectively. The high-frequency HR-HPV genotypes in cervical cancer screening women were HPV-52, HPV-58, HPV-16, HPV-53, HPV-68, HPV-39, HPV-51, and HPV-56, with positivity rates of 2.25%, 1.60%, 1.31%, 1.22%, 0.93%, 0.92%, 0.78%, and 0.74%, respectively.ConclusionAmong women screened for cervical cancer in China, detecting the 8 high-frequency HR-HPV genotypes can reduce technical difficulty and reagent costs, while also improving the efficiency and effectiveness of cervical cancer screening. HPV genotyping assists gynecologists in assessing the risk of HR-HPV-positive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and guiding them in implementing appropriate interventions. Furthermore, HPV genotyping is helpful for doctors to follow up HR-HPV-positive women and to evaluate the protective effect of HPV vaccine

Gastric Adenocarinoma of Fundic Gland Type - Spectrum of Morphological and Immunohistochemical Patterns

Background and objective:&nbsp;&nbsp;Fundic gland adenocarcinoma of stomach is a distinct entity. This study investigated the clinico-pathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA-FG). Methods:&nbsp;&nbsp;A total of 16 cases of GA-FG were collected, their clinical characteristics were analyzed, histopathological and immunophenotypic characteristics were observed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results:&nbsp;&nbsp;There was no typical clinical manifestation of GA-FG. 16 patients were basically hospitalized with abdominal discomfort. Histopathology of GA-FG showed the diffuse multilayering and nuclear stratification with mild cytologic atypia and minimal stromal reaction even in invasive front. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma of gastric fundus is a novel histologic type of gastric cancer. Its diagnosis is mainly based on the patho-morphological characteristics with supporting immunohistochemistry. The prognosis is good, and it needs long-term follow-up.</p

Behavioral factors associated with patients' non-attendance: A retrospective study in an outpatient specialty clinic at a women's and children's hospital in Singapore

Background: In clinics, appointment no-shows waste healthcare resources. This study aimed to identify behavioral factors that affect patient attendance, especially those related to rescheduling. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 20,386 appointment records for 6,252 patients in an outpatient specialty clinic at a women’s and children’s hospital in Singapore over 34 months (January 2012–October 2014). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of independent variables on appointment no-shows. Results: The average no-show rate of the study population was 28.87%. Patient historical behaviors were significantly associated with appointment attendance. In particular, a larger number of previous visits, more historical no-shows, more historical rescheduling events initiated by patients, and more reschedulings initiated by the clinic for the current appointment were positively associated with no-shows. Notably, the number of previous visits was found to exhibit a significantly diminishing marginal effect on no-show rates. Further analyses suggested that for appointments rescheduled by the clinic, subsequent rescheduling by patients was associated with a reduced risk of no-shows. Conclusions: No-shows were more common in patients who missed more historical appointments or had their appointments rescheduled more frequently. Encouraging patients to reschedule their own appointments could be an effective measure to reduce no-shows. However, the benefit of patient-rescheduling decreased if patients rescheduled appointments repeatedly

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Nonlinear Optical Property of RbHgI3

Searching for new nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals to be used in the infrared (IR) region is still a challenge. This paper presents the synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a new halide, RbHgI3. Its non-centrosymmetric single crystal can be grown in solution. In its crystal structure, all the polar [HgI4]2− groups align in such a way that brings a favorable net polarization. The measurement by Kurtz–Perry powder technique indicates that RbHgI3 shows a phase-matchable second harmonic generation (SHG) property seven times stronger than that of KH2PO4 (KDP). RbHgI3 displays excellent transparency in the range of 0.48–25 μm with relatively good thermal stability. The UV absorption implies that this yellow compound’s band gap is about 2.56 eV, close to that of AgGaS2. A preliminary measurement indicates that the laser-induced damage threshold of the crystal is about 28.3 MW/cm2. These preliminary experimental data reveal that RbHgI3 is a new candidate as nonlinear optical material in the infrared region

Urinary Phthalate Metabolites Are Associated with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Chinese School Children

<div><p>Background</p><p>Lab studies have suggested that ubiquitous phthalate exposures are related to obesity, but relevant epidemiological studies are scarce, especially for children.</p> <p>Objective</p><p>To investigate the association of phthalate exposures with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in Chinese school children.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in three primary and three middle schools randomly selected from Changning District of Shanghai City of China in 2011–2012. According to the physical examination data in October, 2011, 124 normal weight, 53 overweight, and 82 obese students 8–15 years of age were randomly chosen from these schools on the basis of BMI-based age- and sex-specific criterion. First morning urine was collected in January, 2012, and fourteen urine phthalate metabolites (free plus conjugated) were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the associations between naturally log-transformed urine phthalate metabolites and BMI or WC.</p> <p>Results</p><p>The urine specific gravity-corrected concentrations of nine urine phthalate metabolites and five molar sums were positively associated with BMI or WC in Chinese school children after adjustment for age and sex. However, when other urine phthalate metabolites were included in the models together with age and sex as covariables, most of these significant associations disappeared except for mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP). Additionally, some associations showed sex- or age-specific differences.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>Some phthalate exposures were associated with BMI or WC in Chinese school children. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study and lack of some important obesity-related covariables, further studies are needed to confirm the associations.</p> </div

Log-transformed urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations corrected by specific gravity (SG) associated with waist circumference (WC) in 259 school children of Shanghai, China in 2011–2012.

a<p>Just included a variable of SG-corrected urine phthalate metabolites.</p>b<p>Corrected for age and sex.</p>c<p>β: Regression coefficient (log-transformed WC/log-transformed metabolite concentration).</p>d<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DBP, MCHP, MMP, and MEP.</p>e<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DEHP, Sum of DBP, MMP, and MEP.</p>f<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DBP, MMP, and MEP.</p>g<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DEHP, MCHP, MMP, and MEP.</p>h<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DEHP, MCHP, sum of DBP, and MEP.</p>i<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DEHP, MCHP, sum of DBP, and MMP.</p>j<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DEHP, and MCHP.</p>k<p>Corrected for age, sex, sum of DEHP, and MEP.</p

Comparison of the associations of urine phthalate metabolites corrected by specific gravity with body mass index between age subgroups (A) or sex (B) by multiple linear regression in 259 school children of Shanghai, China in 2012 (A: adjustment for age in years and sex; B: adjustment for age; regression coefficient: log-transformed BMI/log-transformed metabolite concentration.; Error bar: 95% confidence interval).

<p>Comparison of the associations of urine phthalate metabolites corrected by specific gravity with body mass index between age subgroups (A) or sex (B) by multiple linear regression in 259 school children of Shanghai, China in 2012 (A: adjustment for age in years and sex; B: adjustment for age; regression coefficient: log-transformed BMI/log-transformed metabolite concentration.; Error bar: 95% confidence interval).</p