The demographic and clinical characteristics of PE and control groups.

<p>The demographic and clinical characteristics of PE and control groups.</p

Rational Design of Sub-Parts per Million Specific Gas Sensors Array Based on Metal Nanoparticles Decorated Nanowire Enhancement-Mode Transistors

“One key to one lock” hybrid sensor configuration is rationally designed and demonstrated as a direct effective route for the target-gas-specific, highly sensitive, and promptly responsive chemical gas sensing for room temperature operation in a complex ambient background. The design concept is based on three criteria: (i) quasi-one-dimensional metal oxide nanostructures as the sensing platform which exhibits good electron mobility and chemical and thermal stability; (ii) deep enhancement-mode field-effect transistors (E-mode FETs) with appropriate threshold voltages to suppress the nonspecific sensitivity to all gases (decouple the selectivity and sensitivity away from nanowires); (iii) metal nanoparticle decoration onto the nanostructure surface to introduce the gas specific selectivity and sensitivity to the sensing platform. In this work, using Mg-doped In₂O₃ nanowire E-mode FET sensor arrays decorated with various discrete metal nanoparticles (i.e., Au, Ag, and Pt) as illustrative prototypes here further confirms the feasibility of this design. Particularly, the Au decorated sensor arrays exhibit more than 3 orders of magnitude response to the exposure of 100 ppm CO among a mixture of gases at room temperature. The corresponding response time and detection limit are as low as ∼4 s and ∼500 ppb, respectively. All of these could have important implications for this “one key to one lock” hybrid sensor configuration which potentially open up a rational avenue to the design of advanced-generation chemical sensors with unprecedented selectivity and sensitivity

Effect of ectopic expression of <i>SOX2OT</i> on cell growth.

<p>A) The proliferation rates of cells transfected with control vector and plasmid containing the <i>SOX2OT</i> gene were measured after 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of culture. B) Proliferation rates of cells transfected with control vector or plasmid containing the <i>SOX2OT</i> gene, in monolayer and suspension culture, as well as in soft agar. * and ** represent <i>p</i> values of &lt;0.05 and 0.01 respectively. C) Image of MDA-MB-231 cells grown in soft agar for two weeks. The top panel represents the colony form in cells with ectopic expression of <i>SOX2OT</i>. The bottom panel represents cells containing the control vector. D) Effect of ectopic expression of <i>SOX2OT</i> on cell cycle distribution. The cells were treated with and without paclitaxel for 24 h and stained with PI. Following FACS analysis, DNA histograms were analyzed using ModFit LT. The data are representative examples for duplicate tests.</p

Ectopic expression of <i>SOX2OT</i> in MDA-MB-231 cells.

<p>A) Relative expression of <i>SOX2</i> and <i>SOX2OT</i> measured by qRT-PCR in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with control vector and plasmid containing a <i>SOX2OT</i> gene (NR_004053.3). The bar graphs show the fold change relative to control vector. ** and *** represent <i>p</i> values of &lt;0.01 and 0.001 respectively. B) Western blot analysis showing the over-expression of <i>SOX2</i> in cells transfected with vector containing the <i>SOX2OT</i> gene.</p

Rational Design of ZnO:H/ZnO Bilayer Structure for High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors

The intriguing properties of zinc oxide-based semiconductors are being extensively studied as they are attractive alternatives to current silicon-based semiconductors for applications in transparent and flexible electronics. Although they have promising properties, significant improvements on performance and electrical reliability of ZnO-based thin film transistors (TFTs) should be achieved before they can be applied widely in practical applications. This work demonstrates a rational and elegant design of TFT, composed of poly crystalline ZnO:H/ZnO bilayer structure without using other metal elements for doping. The field-effect mobility and gate bias stability of the bilayer structured devices have been improved. In this device structure, the hydrogenated ultrathin ZnO:H active layer (∼3 nm) could provide suitable carrier concentration and decrease the interface trap density, while thick pure-ZnO layer could control channel conductance. Based on this novel structure, a high field-effect mobility of 42.6 cm² V^–1 s^–1, a high on/off current ratio of 10⁸ and a small subthreshold swing of 0.13 V dec^–1 have been achieved. Additionally, the bias stress stability of the bilayer structured devices is enhanced compared to the simple single channel layer ZnO device. These results suggest that the bilayer ZnO:H/ZnO TFTs have a great potential for low-cost thin-film electronics

Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides

Innovations in the field of radiotherapy such as stereotactic body radiotherapy, along with the advent of radio-immuno-oncology, herald new opportunities for classical oxygen-mimetic radiosensitizers. The role of hypoxic tumor cells in resistance to radiotherapy and in suppression of immune response continues to endorse tumor hypoxia as a bona fide, yet largely untapped, drug target. Only nimorazole is used clinically as a radiosensitizer, and there is a dearth of new radiosensitizers in development. Here we present a survey of novel nitroimidazole alkylsulfonamides and document their cytotoxicity and ability to radiosensitize anoxic tumor cells in vitro. We use a phosphate prodrug approach to increase aqueous solubility and to improve tumor drug delivery. A 2-nitroimidazole and a 5-nitroimidazole analogue demonstrated marked tumor radiosensitization in either ex vivo assays of surviving clonogens or tumor regrowth delay

Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides

Innovations in the field of radiotherapy such as stereotactic body radiotherapy, along with the advent of radio-immuno-oncology, herald new opportunities for classical oxygen-mimetic radiosensitizers. The role of hypoxic tumor cells in resistance to radiotherapy and in suppression of immune response continues to endorse tumor hypoxia as a bona fide, yet largely untapped, drug target. Only nimorazole is used clinically as a radiosensitizer, and there is a dearth of new radiosensitizers in development. Here we present a survey of novel nitroimidazole alkylsulfonamides and document their cytotoxicity and ability to radiosensitize anoxic tumor cells in vitro. We use a phosphate prodrug approach to increase aqueous solubility and to improve tumor drug delivery. A 2-nitroimidazole and a 5-nitroimidazole analogue demonstrated marked tumor radiosensitization in either ex vivo assays of surviving clonogens or tumor regrowth delay

Next-Generation Hypoxic Cell Radiosensitizers: Nitroimidazole Alkylsulfonamides

Innovations in the field of radiotherapy such as stereotactic body radiotherapy, along with the advent of radio-immuno-oncology, herald new opportunities for classical oxygen-mimetic radiosensitizers. The role of hypoxic tumor cells in resistance to radiotherapy and in suppression of immune response continues to endorse tumor hypoxia as a bona fide, yet largely untapped, drug target. Only nimorazole is used clinically as a radiosensitizer, and there is a dearth of new radiosensitizers in development. Here we present a survey of novel nitroimidazole alkylsulfonamides and document their cytotoxicity and ability to radiosensitize anoxic tumor cells in vitro. We use a phosphate prodrug approach to increase aqueous solubility and to improve tumor drug delivery. A 2-nitroimidazole and a 5-nitroimidazole analogue demonstrated marked tumor radiosensitization in either ex vivo assays of surviving clonogens or tumor regrowth delay