6 research outputs found
Construction and Operation Costs of Wastewater Treatment and Implications for the Paper Industry in China
This
paper aims to develop a construction and operation cost model of wastewater
treatment for the paper industry in China and explores the main factors
that determine these costs. Previous models mainly involved factors
relating to the treatment scale and efficiency of treatment facilities
for deriving the cost function. We considered the factors more comprehensively
by adding a regional variable to represent the economic development
level, a corporate ownership factor to represent the plant characteristics,
a subsector variable to capture pollutant characteristics, and a detailed-classification
technology variable. We applied a unique data set from a national
pollution source census for the model simulation. The major findings
include the following: (1) Wastewater treatment costs in the paper
industry are determined by scale, technology, degree of treatment,
ownership, and regional factors; (2) Wastewater treatment costs show
a large decreasing scale effect; (3) The current level of pollutant
discharge fees is far lower than the marginal treatment costs for
meeting the wastewater discharge standard. Key implications are as
follows: (1) Cost characteristics and impact factors should be fully
recognized when planning or making policies relating to wastewater
treatment projects or technology development; (2) There is potential
to reduce treatment costs by centralizing wastewater treatment via
industrial parks; (3) Wastewater discharge fee rates should be increased;
(4) Energy efficient technology should become the future focus of
wastewater treatment
Visual outcomes of dense pediatric cataract surgery in eastern China
<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To evaluate the visual outcomes of dense pediatric cataract surgery in eastern China.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Medical records of children who underwent surgery for dense unilateral or bilateral pediatric cataract in Shandong Provincial Hospital between January 2007 and December 2012 were collected. Patients who cooperated with optical correction and aggressive patching of the sound eye and who had a minimum postoperative follow-up of more than 2 years were included. Risk factors for poor visual outcomes were analyzed.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 105 eligible patients (181 eyes), 76 had bilateral cataract, and 29 unilateral. With a mean follow up of 46.77 mo (range 24.0~96.0 mo), the final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 158 eyes were recorded, and 4.43% (7/158) achieved 0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) or better; 15.19% (24/158) obtained a BCVA between 0.1 logMAR and 0.3 logMAR; 18.99%, (30/158) between 0.3 logMAR and 0.5 logMAR; 46.84% (74/158), between 0.5 logMAR and 1 logMAR; 14.55%, worse than 1 logMAR. The mean BCVA of the patients who underwent lensectomy before 3 months of age was significantly better than that of patients who underwent lensectomy between 3 and 12 months (p = 0.001). In the same lensectomy age groups, the final BCVA of the children in the bilateral and unilateral groups did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Lensectomy after 3 months of age, postoperative complications, strabismus and nystagmus were shown to be risk factors for poor visual outcomes.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Lensectomy before 3 months of age, IOL implantation, proper managing of postoperative complications, early optical correction and aggressive postoperative patching of the sound eye would increase the final BCVA for patients with dense pediatric cataract.</p></div
Incidence of serious long-term complications.
<p>Incidence of serious long-term complications.</p