Chinese migrants and their impact on homeland development

This paper aims to systematically examine the impact of Chinese migrants on the economic activities of indigenous Chinese firms from two dimensions: foreign direct investment (FDI) by ethnic Chinese (ECI) and returnees. Using a unique dataset for firms in Zhongguancun Science Park, Beijing, we carry out an in-depth empirical study on the effects of ECI and returnees on indigenous Chinese firms’ productivity, exports and R&D in comparison with the effects of non-ethnic Chinese FDI. The findings have important policy implication

Ownership concentration, modified audit opinion, and auditor switch: New evidence and method

Ownership concentration, modified audit opinion, and auditor switch: New evidence and metho

Histological and anatomical structure of the nasal cavity of Bama minipigs

<div><p>Objective</p><p>The nasal mucosa is equipped with abundant lymphatic tissues, serving as the first line of defense against invasion by microorganisms. In this study, we characterized the features of the nasal mucosa of Bama minipigs (<i>Sus scrofa domestica</i>) via histological analysis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Five cross sections (I, II, III, IV, and V) were obtained from the distal end of the nasal cavity toward the pharynx (along the cavity axis) and examined. Specifically, CD3⁺ T cells, immunoglobulin A (IgA)⁺ cells, and M cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, while dendritic cells (DCs) were detected by immunofluorescence. The distribution of goblet cells was determined by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining.</p><p>Results</p><p>The nasal cavity of Bama minipigs can be divided into three parts: the regio vestibularis (I, II), regio respiratoria (III, IV), and regio olfactoria (V). Lymphoid tissue was present at random locations in the nasal cavity. Abundant lymphoid tissue was located in the roof of the nasopharyngeal meatus and was continuous with the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx. The distribution of CD3⁺ T cells, IgA⁺ cells, M cells, and DCs increased distally in the nasal cavity.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The present work comprises a histological study of the nasal cavity of Bama minipigs, and will be beneficial for understanding the mechanisms of immunity in these animals after nasal vaccination.</p></div

Population structure of 38 <i>Physalis</i> accessions and two tomato lines using STRUCTURE software and 122 markers.

<p>The coefficients of estimated ancestry per accession in each cluster were represented by an individual bar, where each color refers to a distinct cluster. The name of the accession is below the bar.</p

PCR successes and number of alleles amplified in 38 accessions of the genus <i>Physalis</i> and two tomato lines.

<p>PCR successes and number of alleles amplified in 38 accessions of the genus <i>Physalis</i> and two tomato lines.</p

The distribution pattern of CD3⁺ T cells, IgA⁺ cells, M cells, and goblet cells in the Bama minipigs nasal cavity.

<p>CD3⁺ T cells, IgA⁺ cells, and M cells examined using IHC (arrows indicate positive cells). Goblet cells in the surface epithelium are shown by AB/PAS staining (arrows indicate positive cells). Scale bar = 100 μm.</p

Dendrogram of 38 <i>Physalis</i> accessions based on all marker data (A) and <i>P. peruviana</i> SSR marker data (B).

<p>The dendrogram was generated from Nei’s genetic distance matrix by UPGMA in NTSYSpc 2.11a. Tomato lines OH88119 and PI435238 were used as out-group controls.</p

The localization of MHCII⁺SWC3a⁺ DCs in the Bama minipigs nasal cavity.

<p>Paraffin sections of the nasal cavity were stained with SWC3a (green), MHCII (red), and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue). DCs are indicated by arrows. E: epithelium, LP: lamina propria, fol: lymphoid follicle, scale bar = 20 μm.</p

Anatomical structure of the Bama minipigs nasal cavity.

<p>(A) The position and structure of the Bama minipigs nasal cavity: (a) inferior nasal concha, (b) superior nasal concha, (c) middle nasal concha, and (d) hard palate. (B) The position of cross-sections in Bama minipigs nasal cavity. (C) Diagrams of the five cross-sections (I–V) of the Bama minipigs nasal cavity: (a) nasal septum, (b) nasal meatus, (c) inferior nasal concha, (d) superior nasal meatus, (e) middle nasal meatus, (f) inferior nasal meatus, (h) middle nasal concha, and (g) nasopharyngeal meatus.</p

The information of antibodies.

<p>The information of antibodies.</p