Large Language Models on Wikipedia-Style Survey Generation: an Evaluation in NLP Concepts

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant success across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, encompassing question-answering, summarization, and machine translation, among others. While LLMs excel in general tasks, their efficacy in domain-specific applications remains under exploration. Additionally, LLM-generated text sometimes exhibits issues like hallucination and disinformation. In this study, we assess LLMs' capability of producing concise survey articles within the computer science-NLP domain, focusing on 20 chosen topics. Automated evaluations indicate that GPT-4 outperforms GPT-3.5 when benchmarked against the ground truth. Furthermore, four human evaluators provide insights from six perspectives across four model configurations. Through case studies, we demonstrate that while GPT often yields commendable results, there are instances of shortcomings, such as incomplete information and the exhibition of lapses in factual accuracy

Exploring crowd persistent dynamism from pedestrian crossing perspective: An empirical study

Crowd studies have gained increasing relevance due to the recurring incidents of crowd crush accidents. In addressing the issue of the crowd's persistent dynamism, this paper explored the macroscopic and microscopic features of pedestrians crossing in static and dynamic contexts, employing a series of systematic experiments. Firstly, empirical evidence has confirmed the existence of crowd's persistent dynamism. Subsequently, the research delves into two aspects, qualitative and quantitative, to address the following questions:(1) Cross pedestrians tend to avoid high-density areas when crossing static crowds and particularly evade pedestrians in front to avoid deceleration, thus inducing the formation of cross-channels, a self-organization phenomenon.(2) In dynamic crowds, when pedestrian suffers spatial constrained, two patterns emerge: decelerate or detour. Research results indicate the differences in pedestrian crossing behaviors between static and dynamic crowds, such as the formation of crossing channels, backward detours, and spiral turning. However, the strategy of pedestrian crossing remains consistent: utilizing detours to overcome spatial constraints. Finally, the empirical results of this study address the final question: pedestrians detouring causes crowds' persistent collective dynamism. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of pedestrian dynamics in extreme conditions and provide empirical support for research on individual movement patterns and crowd behavior prediction.Comment: 31pages, 17figure

Viia-hand: a Reach-and-grasp Restoration System Integrating Voice interaction, Computer vision and Auditory feedback for Blind Amputees

Visual feedback plays a crucial role in the process of amputation patients completing grasping in the field of prosthesis control. However, for blind and visually impaired (BVI) amputees, the loss of both visual and grasping abilities makes the "easy" reach-and-grasp task a feasible challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-sensory prosthesis system helping BVI amputees with sensing, navigation and grasp operations. It combines modules of voice interaction, environmental perception, grasp guidance, collaborative control, and auditory/tactile feedback. In particular, the voice interaction module receives user instructions and invokes other functional modules according to the instructions. The environmental perception and grasp guidance module obtains environmental information through computer vision, and feedbacks the information to the user through auditory feedback modules (voice prompts and spatial sound sources) and tactile feedback modules (vibration stimulation). The prosthesis collaborative control module obtains the context information of the grasp guidance process and completes the collaborative control of grasp gestures and wrist angles of prosthesis in conjunction with the user's control intention in order to achieve stable grasp of various objects. This paper details a prototyping design (named viia-hand) and presents its preliminary experimental verification on healthy subjects completing specific reach-and-grasp tasks. Our results showed that, with the help of our new design, the subjects were able to achieve a precise reach and reliable grasp of the target objects in a relatively cluttered environment. Additionally, the system is extremely user-friendly, as users can quickly adapt to it with minimal training

Cdc42-mediated supracellular cytoskeleton induced cancer cell migration under low shear stress

Tumor microenvironment is composed of biological, chemical and physical factors. Mechanical factors are more and more focused these years. Therefore, mimicking mechanical factors' contribution to cancer cell malignancy will greatly improve the advance in this field. Although the induced malignant behaviors are present under many stimuli such as growth or inflammatory factors, the cell key physical migration mechanisms are still missing. In this study, we identify that low shear stress significantly promotes the formation of needle-shaped membrane protrusions, which is called filopodia and important for the sense and interact of a cell with extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Under low shear stress, the migration is promoted while it is inhibited in the presence of ROCK inhibitor Y27632, which could abolish the F-actin network. Using cell imaging, we further unravel that key to these protrusions is Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) dependent. After Cdc42 activation, the filopodia is more and longer, acting as massagers to pass the information from a cell to the microenvironment for its malignant phenotype. In the Cdc42 inhibition, the filopodia is greatly reduced. Moreover, small GTPases Cdc42 rather than Rac1 and Rho directly controls the filopodia formation. Our work highlights that low shear stress and Cdc42 activation are sufficient to promote filopodia formation, it not only points out the novel structure for cancer progression but also provides the experimental physical basis for the efficient drug anti-cancer strategies

Alteration in the sensitivity to crizotinib by Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 is dependent to its subcellular localization in ALK-positive lung cancers

BackgroundNa+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is an important scaffold protein participates in the modulation of a variety of intracellular signal pathways. NHERF1 was able to enhance the effects of chemo-drugs in breast and cervical cancer cells. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion mutations are validated molecules targeted therapy in lung cancers, where crizotinib can be used as the specific inhibitor to suppress tumor progression. However, due to the less frequent occurrence of ALK mutations and the complexity for factors to determine drug responses, the genes that could alter crizotinib sensitivity are unclear.MethodsBoth ALK-translocated and ALK-negative lung adenocarcinoma specimens in tissue sections were collected for immunohistochemistry. The possible mechanisms of NHERF1 and its role in the cell sensitivity to crizotinib were investigated using an ALK-positive and crizotinib-sensitive lung adenocarcinoma cell line H3122. Either a NHERF1 overexpression vector or agents for NHERF1 knockdown was used for crizotinib sensitivity measures, in association with cell viability and apoptosis assays.ResultsThe expression level of NHERF1 in ALK-translocated NSCLC was significantly higher than that in other lung cancer tissues. NHERF1 expression in ALK positive lung cancer cells was regulated by ALK activities, and was in return able to alter the sensitivity to crizotinib. The function of NHERF1 to influence crizotinib sensitivity was depending on its subcellular distribution in cytosol instead of its nucleus localized form.ConclusionEctopically overexpressed NHERF1 could be a functional protein for consideration to suppress lung cancers. The determination of NHERF1 levels in ALK positive NSCLC tissues might be useful to predict crizotinib resistance, especially by distinguishing cytosolic or nuclear localized NHERF1 for the overexpressed molecules