49 research outputs found
High-Performance Recognition, Cell-Imaging, and Efficient Removal of Carbon Monoxide toward a Palladium-Mediated Fluorescent Sensing Platform
Novel high-performance fluorescent approaches have always
significant
demand for room-temperature detection of carbon monoxide (CO), which
is highly toxic even at low concentration levels and is not easy to
recognize due to its colorless and odorless nature. In this paper,
we constructed a palladium-mediated fluorescence turn-on sensing platform
(TPANN-Pd) for the recognition of CO at room temperature,
revealing simultaneously quick response speed (<30 s), excellent
selectivity, superior sensitivity, and low detection limit (ā¼160
nM for CORM-3, ā¼1.7 ppb for CO vapor). Moreover, rapid detection
and efficient removal (24%) from the air by naked-eye vision has been
successfully realized based on TPANN-Pd supramolecular
gels. Furthermore, the developed sensing platform was elucidated with
low cytotoxicity and high cellular uptake, and it was successfully
applied to CO imaging in living cells, providing real-time monitoring
of potential CO-involved reactions in biological systems
Sudoku-like Lab-on-Paper Cyto-Device with Dual Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence Intermediates Strategy
This paper describes
the design and construction of a sudoku-like
lab-on-paper platform, in which dual enhancement of reaction intermediates
strategy was incorporated for multiplexed competitive electrochemiluminescence
(ECL) cyto-assay. Benefiting from the sudoku-like structure, integrated
multifunctions were obtained on such an elaborately devised platform,
including specific reagents storage, multiple samples immobilization,
residual automatic washing, and signal collection. By utilizing semicarbazide
(SE) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as dual enhancers, more ECL
intermediates could be obtained in the graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
and peroxydisulfate system, resulting in the production of more excited-state
GQDs to emit light. Moreover, the double-stranded DNA nanowire with
multiple branched arms (MBdsDNA) was chosen as an efficient nanocarrier
to load more GQDs and AgNPs. Via immobilizing AgNPs on the end of
the plentiful branched arms, AgāMBdsDNA were obtained and trapped
on the sensing interface through the valid competitive interactions
between target cells and AgāMBdsDNA. Afterward, abundant GQDs
were attached to the three-dimensional (3D) DNA skeleton of the captured
AgāMBdsDNA via ĻāĻ stacking. Due to their
good self-catalytic activity of labeled AgNPs, more silver was deposited
on the AgāMBdsDNA@GQDs, giving rise to further amplification
of expected signal. With four types of cancer cells as models, MCF-7,
CCRF-CEM, HeLa, and K562 cells were assayed in the ranges of 1.0 Ć
10<sup>2</sup>ā1.0 Ć 10<sup>7</sup>, 1.5 Ć 10<sup>2</sup>ā2.0 Ć 10<sup>7</sup>, 2.0 Ć 10<sup>2</sup>ā5.0 Ć 10<sup>6</sup>, and 1.2 Ć 10<sup>2</sup>ā2.0
Ć 10<sup>6</sup> cells mL<sup>ā1</sup> with the detection
limits of 38, 53, 67, and 42 cells mL<sup>ā1</sup>, respectively.
Notably, this strategy supplies a simple and versatile platform for
sensitive determination of multiple targeted cells, which would play
a crucial role in point-of-care diagnostic fields
Turning Nonspecific Interference into Signal Amplification: Covalent Biosensing Nanoassembly Enabled by Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling
In
this work, a new method of protein detection in complicated samples
is proposed. This method employs probe-target recognition to induce
cross-linking among the probe, the target, and the nonspecific proteins
in the complicated sample as a means to convert interference into
effective signal amplification. This also eliminates the necessity
of multistep signal amplification in a separate solution system. On
the basis of this strategy, a simple and robust assay for the activity
of serum cathepsin B is established. Peptide probes immobilized on
a sensing slide can recognize cathepsin B, and this can induce thiol-alkyne
covalent coupling between the probe and cathepsin B. Meanwhile, applying
electrochemical potential scanning to this sensing surface, Cu binding
fragments of the probe peptide can be released into the solution phase
to act as an electrochemical catalyst for oxidative dityrosine cross-linking
among all proteins including the captured cathepsin B and the nonspecific
proteins. A continuous nanoassembly covalently anchored on the sensing
surface can gradually form, allowing violent detergent rinsing to
remove residual interference. Using this method, not only sensitivity
in the picomolar range can be achieved for serum analysis, the results
of the analysis can also reliably discriminate benign and cancerous
ovarian conditions. These results may suggest prospective application
of this method in early screening of cancer in the future
Metal-Enhanced Ratiometric Fluorescence/Naked Eye Bimodal Biosensor for Lead Ions Analysis with Bifunctional Nanocomposite Probes
A novel metal-enhanced
ratiometric fluorescence/naked eye bimodal
biosensor based on ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@AuāAg bifunctional
nanocomposite and DNA/CeO<sub>2</sub> complex for lead ions (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) has been successfully developed. The nanocomposite probe
was composed of a magnetic ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> core and
a AuāAg hollow nanocube shell. Upon bioconjugation, bifunctional
magnetic nanocomposites could not only make the probe possess excellent
recyclability but also provide an enrichment of āhot spotsā
for surface enhanced fluorescence detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> by
a metal-enhanced fluorescence effect. Typically, the bifunctional
nanocomposites conjugated with double-stranded DNA (included Pb<sup>2+</sup>-specific DNAzyme strand and corresponding substrate strand)
to form a Pb<sup>2+</sup> biosensor. Nanoceria as a fluorescence quencher
strongly adsorbed DNA. Therefore, the formation of double-stranded
DNA brought the labeled nitrogen sulfur doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) and CeO<sub>2</sub> into close proximity,
which significantly quenched the fluorescence of N,S-CDs. The presence
of Pb<sup>2+</sup> led to the breakage of the DNAzyme strand, resulting
in the fluorescence signal of Cy3 decreasing, while the fluorescence
intensity of N,S-CDs aggrandized. First, a preliminary test of Pb<sup>2+</sup> was performed by the naked eye. The disengaged DNA/CeO<sub>2</sub> complex could result in color change after adding H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> because of autocatalysis of CeO<sub>2</sub>, resulting
in real-time visual detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup>. If further accurate
determination was required, the fluorescence intensity ratio of these
two fluorescence indicators was measured at 562 and 424 nm (<i>I</i><sub>562</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>424</sub>). A good linear correlation exists between the logĀ(<i>I</i><sub>562</sub>/<i>I</i><sub>424</sub>) and the logarithm
of Pb<sup>2+</sup> concentrations ranging from 10<sup>ā12</sup> to 3 Ć 10<sup>ā6</sup> M. Remarkably, the detection
limit of this ratiometric biosensor was 3 Ć 10<sup>ā13</sup> M, which ascribed to its superior fluorescence enhancement. Interestingly,
the developed bifunctional nanocomposite probe manifests good recyclability
and selectivity. More importantly, the biosensor provided potential
application of on-site and real-time unknown Pb<sup>2+</sup> ions
in real systems
Three-Decker Strategy Based on Multifunctional Layered Double Hydroxide to Realize High-Performance Hydroxide Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
Herein,
we present a three-decker layered double hydroxide (LDH)/polyĀ(phenylene
oxide) (PPO) for hydroxide exchange membrane (HEM) applications. Hexagonal
LDH is functionalized with highly stable 3-hydroxy-6-azaspiro [5.5]
undecane (OH-ASU) cations to promote itās ion-exchange capacity.
The ASU-LDH is combined with triple-cations functionalized PPO (TC-PPO)
to fabricate a three-decker ASU-LDH/TC-PPO hybrid membrane by an electrostatic-spraying
method. Notably, the ASU-LDH layer with a porous structure shows many
valuable properties for the ASU-LDH/TC-PPO hybrid membranes, such
as improving hydroxide conductivity, dimensional stability, and alkaline
stability. The maximum OH<sup>ā</sup> conductivity of ASU-LDH/TC-PPO
hybrid membranes achieves 0.113 S/cm at 80 Ā°C. Only 11.5% drops
in OH<sup>ā</sup> conductivity was detected after an alkaline
stability test in 1 M NaOH at 80 Ā°C for 588 h, prolonging the
lifetime of the TC-PPO membrane. Furthermore, the ASU-LDH/TC-PPO hybrid
membrane realizes a maximum power density of 0.209 W/cm<sup>2</sup> under a current density of 0.391 A/cm<sup>2</sup>. In summary, the
ASU-LDH/TC-PPO hybrid membranes provide a reliable method for preparing
high-performance HEMs
Photoelectrochemical Lab-on-Paper Device Based on an Integrated Paper Supercapacitor and Internal Light Source
In
this work, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) method was introduced
into a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (Ī¼-PAD), and
thus, a truly low-cost, simple, portable, and disposable microfluidic
PEC origami device (Ī¼-PECOD) with an internal chemiluminescence
light source and external digital multimeter (DMM) was demonstrated.
The PEC responses of this Ī¼-PECOD were investigated, and the
enhancements of photocurrents in Ī¼-PECOD were observed under
both external and internal light sources compared with that on a traditional
flat electrode counterpart. As a further amplification of the generated
photocurrents, an all-solid-state paper supercapacitor was constructed
and integrated into the Ī¼-PECOD to collect and store the generated
photocurrents. The stored electrical energy could be released instantaneously
through the DMM to obtain an amplified (ā¼13-fold) and DMM-detectable
current as well as a higher sensitivity than the direct photocurrent
measurement, allowing the expensive and sophisticated electrochemical
workstation or lock-in amplifier to be abandoned. As a model, sandwich
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding aptamers were taken as molecular
reorganization elements on this Ī¼-PECOD for the sensitive determination
of ATP in human serum samples in the linear range from 1.0 pM to 1.0
nM with a detection limit of 0.2 pM. The specificity, reproducibility,
and stability of this Ī¼-PECOD were also investigated
Cerium Dioxide-Mediated Signal āOnāOffā by Resonance Energy Transfer on a Lab-On-Paper Device for Ultrasensitive Detection of Lead Ions
In this report, a
3D microfluidic lab-on-paper device for ultrasensitive detection of
lead cation was designed using phoenix tree fruit-shaped CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (PFCeO<sub>2</sub> NPs) as the catalyst and 50 nm
silver NPs (Ag NPs) as the quencher. First, snowflake-like Ag NPs
were grown on the paper working electrode through an in situ growth
method and used as a matrix for DNAzymes that were specific for lead
ions (Pb<sup>2+</sup>). After the addition of Ag NP-labeled substrate
strands, the Ag NPs restrained the electrochemiluminescence (ECL)
intensity of luminol greatly through the resonance energy transfer
from luminol to Ag NPs. However, under the existence of Pb<sup>2+</sup>, the substrate strands were separated, and then PFCeO<sub>2</sub> NP-labeled signal strands were hybridized with the DNAzymes. The
ECL signal was improved greatly under the fast catalytic reaction
between PFCeO<sub>2</sub> NPs and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which
converted the response from signal off to signal on state, resulting
in sensitive detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup>. Under the optimal conditions,
the ECL signal response exhibited a good linear relationship with
the logarithm of lead cation in a wide linear range of 0.05ā2000
nM and an ultralow detection limit of 0.016 nM. Meanwhile, a sensor
featured with good specificity, acceptable stability, reproducibility,
and low cost provides a promising portable, simple, and effective
strategy for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection
Paper-Based Analytical Devices Relying on Visible-Light-Enhanced Glucose/Air Biofuel Cells
A strategy that combines visible-light-enhanced biofuel cells (BFCs)
and electrochemical immunosensor into paper-based analytical devices
was proposed for sensitive detection of the carbohydrate antigen 15-3
(CA15-3). The gold nanoparticle modified paper electrode with large
surface area and good conductibility was applied as an effective matrix
for primary antibodies. The glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) modified goldāsilver
bimetallic nanoparticles were used as bioanodic biocatalyst and signal
magnification label. PolyĀ(terthiophene) (pTTh), a photoresponsive
conducting polymer, served as catalyst in cathode for the reduction
of oxygen upon illumination by visible light. In the bioanode, electrons
were generated through the oxidation of glucose catalyzed by GDH.
The amount of electrons is determined by the amount of GDH, which
finally depended on the amount of CA15-3. In the cathode, electrons
from the bioanode could combine with the generated holes in the HOMO
energy level of cathode catalysts pTTh. Meanwhile, the high energy
level photoexcited electrons were generated in the LUMO energy level
and involved in the oxygen reduction reaction, finally resulting in
an increasing current and a decreasing overpotential. According to
the current signal, simple and efficient detection of CA15-3 was achieved
Stackable Lab-on-Paper Device with All-in-One Au Electrode for High-Efficiency Photoelectrochemical Cyto-Sensing
Highly conductive,
robust, and multifunctional integrated paper-supported
electrodes are requisite to fulfill the promise of paper-based analytical
application. Herein, an all-in-one Au electrode comprising of detection
zone, waterproof electronic bridge, and signal output contactor was
engineered via combining the double-sided growth method with the secondary
wax-printing. Benefiting from the strongly omnidirectional conductivity
and desirably mechanical robustness of the as-prepared electrode,
a stackable lab-on-paper cyto-device integrated with high-efficiency
photoelectrochemical strategy was developed for the MCF-7 cells assay.
Specifically, the detection zone of the electrode, serving as the
signal generator, was functionalized with a low-toxic cosensitized
structure composed of corn-like ZnO nanorods, graphene quantum dots
(GQDs), and Ag<sub>2</sub>Se QDs. With the proximity control of DNA
hairpin-based aptamer probe (DHAP), a strong photocurrent could be
promoted by the activated cosensitization effect and collected on
the signal output contactor via the electron transport of waterproof
electronic bridge. Upon the MCF-7 cells recognition, the DHAP switched
from closed to open state with the formation of DNA-cell bioconjugates
and the spatial separation of Ag<sub>2</sub>Se QDs linked on the terminal
of DHAP from the electrode surface. The photocurrent was noticeably
decreased due to the double inhibition of steric hindrance effect
and vanished cosensitization effect. Based on the target-triggered
photocurrent attenuation, the sensitive detection of target cells
was achieved. This work not only provided a unique method for paper-based
electrode preparation but also offered a powerful platform for the
highly sensitive photoelectrochemical bioanalysis
Characteristics of female subjects grouped by ACE and A3B genotypes.
a<p>belong to categorical variables.</p>b<p>Analysis of covariance can not be employed because the data can't be transformed to normality.</p><p>Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Ī³āGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.</p