Vital organ functions in both groups during XBJ treatment.

<p>Note: XBJ, <i>Xuebijing</i> injection; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TnT, troponin T.</p><p>*<i>P</i><0.05 XBJ group <i>vs</i>. control group;</p><p>**<i>P</i><0.05 control group on Day 3 <i>vs</i>. control group on Day 1.</p><p>Vital organ functions in both groups during XBJ treatment.</p

Expression profiles of four genes in hemocytes of <i>F. chinensis</i> post WSSV infection.

<p>The 18S rRNA was used for normalization of PCR reactions. The bar graphs represent the relative fold changes at each time point post infection, together with error bars which represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). <i>Different letters</i> indicates significant difference between groups (<i>p</i><0.05). (A) SUMO, (B) heat shock protein 70, (C) arginine kinase, (D) prophenoloxidase.</p

Proteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in <i>Fenneropenaeus chinensis</i> Hemocytes upon White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection

<div><p>To elucidate molecular responses of shrimp hemocytes to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was applied to investigate differentially expressed proteins in hemocytes of Chinese shrimp (<i>Fenneropenaeus chinensis</i>) at 24 h post infection (hpi). Approximately 580 protein spots were detected in hemocytes of healthy and WSSV-infected shrimps. Quantitative intensity analysis revealed 26 protein spots were significantly up-regulated, and 19 spots were significantly down-regulated. By mass spectrometry, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) 1, cytosolic MnSOD, triosephosphate isomerase, tubulin alpha-1 chain, microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1, nuclear receptor E75 protein, vacuolar ATP synthase subunit B L form, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, arginine kinase, etc., amounting to 33 differentially modulated proteins were identified successfully. According to Gene Ontology annotation, the identified proteins were classified into nine categories, consisting of immune related proteins, stimulus response proteins, proteins involved in glucose metabolic process, cytoskeleton proteins, DNA or protein binding proteins, proteins involved in steroid hormone mediated signal pathway, ATP synthases, proteins involved in transmembrane transport and ungrouped proteins. Meanwhile, the expression profiles of three up-regulated proteins (SUMO, heat shock protein 70, and arginine kinase) and one down-regulated protein (prophenoloxidase) were further analyzed by real-time RT-PCR at the transcription level after WSSV infection. The results showed that SUMO and heat shock protein 70 were significantly up-regulated at each sampling time point, while arginine kinase was significantly up-regulated at 12 and 24 hpi. In contrast, prophenoloxidase was significantly down-regulated at each sampling time point. The results of this work provided preliminary data on proteins in shrimp hemocytes involved in WSSV infection.</p></div

Significant risk factors for mortality among patients with paraquat poisoning.

<p>Note: Adjusted for covariates including age, gender, body mass index, time to gastric lavage, APACHE II scores, volume of oral paraquat, and time to haemoperfusion. APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval.</p><p>Significant risk factors for mortality among patients with paraquat poisoning.</p

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis of tissue distribution of <i>FcSUMO</i> and <i>FcUBC9</i> transcripts in healthy <i>F</i>. <i>chinensis</i>.

<p>18S rRNA served as an internal control. Transcription level of the genes in muscle was normalized to 1. The bar graphs represent the relative fold changes of each tissue, together with error bars which represent mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). <i>Different letters</i> indicates significant difference between groups (<i>p</i><0.05). (A) SUMO, (B) UBC9.</p

Primers used in real-time RT-PCR analysis.

<p>Primers used in real-time RT-PCR analysis.</p

The effects of silencing of <i>FcSUMO</i> and <i>FcUBC9</i>.

<p><b>(A)</b> Silencing efficiencies of dsSUMO and dsUBC9 in hemocytes of <i>F</i>. <i>chinensis</i> at 48 h post injection of dsRNA. (B) dynamic state of WSSV copies in hemocytes post WSSV infection investigated by real-time PCR; (C) Expression levels of 10 viral genes at 48 hpi, lane 1–4 represent the samples from shrimps injected with TNE+TNE, TNE+WSSV, dsGFP+WSSV, dsSUMO+WSSV and dsUBC9+WSSV respectively; (D) accumulative mortality of shrimp at 1-day interval post WSSV infection.</p

Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves for (A) all patients and (B) patients ingesting 10–30 ml of 20% liquid paraquat (w/v).

<p>The differences in survival curves between the control and XBJ groups were not significant in A (<i>P</i> = 0.06), but significant in B (<i>P</i> = 0.02), as compared using a Log rank test. XBJ, <i>Xuebijing</i> injection.</p

Functional classification of proteins identified in hemocytes of <i>F. chinensis</i>.

<p>A total of 33 identified proteins were categorized into nine groups, and the percentage contribution of each category was calculated.</p

Primers used in this work.

<p>Primers used in this work.</p