Table_1_Immature defense mechanisms mediate the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms.DOCX

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the patterns of life events (LEs) and defense mechanisms in outpatients with depression and investigate the mediating role of defense mechanisms in the association between LEs and depressive symptoms in a psychosomatic outpatient sample in China.Materials and methodsAll of 2,747 outpatients (aged 18–65) from psychosomatic department were investigated in this study. LEs, depressive symptoms, and defense mechanisms were assessed by the Life Events Scale (LES), Patient-Health-Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), respectively.ResultsBased on the optimal cut-off point of PHQ-9, 1840 (67.0%) patients had a PHQ-9 score of 10 or higher (depression group), and 907 (33.0%) had a score below 10 (non-depression group). The scores of Negative Life Events (NLEs), immature and intermediate defense mechanisms in the depression group were significantly higher than those in the non-depression group, while the scores of mature defense mechanisms were the opposite (p ConclusionImmature defense mechanisms play an important mediating role in the relationship between NLEs and depressive symptoms. Helping patients improving defense mechanisms and dealing with NLEs may be of great help in the treatment of relevant patients.</p

Suppressive effects of edaravone on ROS in primary HCEpiCs exposed to hyperosmotic media.

<p>ROS was evaluated via DCFH-DA staining (ANOVA: *, P<0.001 vs. untreated control; #, P<0.001 vs. 450 mOsM treated group).</p

Effects of edaravone on cleaved caspase-3 as measured by western blot analysis.

<p>Edaravone treatment inhibits the increase in cleaved caspase-3 induced by hyperosmotic exposure (400–450 mOsM) (ANOVA:*, P<0.001 vs. non-treatment control; #, P<0.001 vs. 450 mOsM treated group).</p

Effects of edaravone on apoptosis in primary HCEpiCs exposed to hyperosmotic media (400–450 mOsM).

<p>Apoptotic cells were stained using a TUNEL Assay Kit. Nuclear DNA was stained with DAPI.</p

Edaravone prevents cell death induced by exposure to hyperosmotic media (400–450 mOsM).

<p>(A) Cell viability was measured by MTT assay; (B) Cell death was measured by LDH release assay. All experiments were repeated at least three times (ANOVA: *, P<0.001 vs. untreated control; #, P<0.001 vs. 450 mOsM treated group).</p

Effects of edaravone on cytosol cytochrome C release as measured by western blot analysis.

<p>Results indicate that edaravone treatment attenuates hyperosmotic exposure (400–450 mOsM)-induced release of cytochrome C. (A) Cytosolic fractions; (B) Mitochondrial fractions (ANOVA:*, P<0.001 vs. non-treatment control; #, P<0.001 vs. 450 mOsM treated group).</p

Effects of edaravone on the expression of Nrf2.

<p>Levels of Nrf2 in whole cell extracts were determined by the western blot analysis (ANOVA:*, P<0.001 vs. non-treatment control; #, P<0.001 vs. 450 mOsM treated group).</p

Effects of edaravone on Nrf2 target gene expression in primary HCEpiCs.

<p>Cells were treated with edaravone for 24 h. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR analysis. (A) HO-1 mRNA; (B) GPx-1 mRNA; (C) GCLC mRNA; (D) GSH levels (ANOVA:*, P<0.001 vs. non-treatment control; #, P<0.001 vs. 450 mOsM treated group).</p

Suppressive effects of edaravone on mitochondrial function at 10 or 20 μM.

<p>ROS in primary HCEpiCs exposed to hyperosmotic media (400–450 mOsM), evaluated via MitoSox Red staining (ANOVA: *, P<0.001 vs. untreated control; #, P<0.001 vs. 450 mOsM treated group).</p

Electrospun Photochromic Hybrid Membranes for Flexible Rewritable Media

Ink-free rewritable media has attracted great attention as a potential alternative to current paper prints, owing to its benefits to reducing paper production and consumption for environmental protection. It is desirable to develop rewritable media based on cheap, robust, and fast-response photochromic systems. Herein, we report the design and fabrication of flexible and photorewritable PVP/a-WO₃ hybrid membranes through electrospinning, on which images with high resolution can be photoprinted and heat-erased for over 40 cycles. The well conjugated organic–inorganic hybrid structure endows a fast “electron–proton double injection” from PVP to a-WO₃ in the coloration process and greatly improves the photochromic responses. The coloration times can be as short as tens of seconds and the erasure times can be as long as 10 days in ambient conditions. As-formed photochromic membranes are low-cost, environmental benign and easy for large-scale production, indicate their great potential as flexible rewritable media for practical usage