Simulation of challenge keys and cipertext in oracles under Type-2 adversary for the proof of the indistinguishability between <i>G</i>_<i>C</i>′ and <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>″.

<p>Simulation of challenge keys and cipertext in oracles under Type-2 adversary for the proof of the indistinguishability between <i>G</i>_<i>C</i>′ and <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>″.</p

Comparisons among RHIBE schemes.cont.

<p>Comparisons among RHIBE schemes.cont.</p

Statistics of annotation analysis of unigenes.

<p>Statistics of annotation analysis of unigenes.</p

Defination of games between <i>G</i>_<i>ESF</i> and <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>′.

<p>Defination of games between <i>G</i>_<i>ESF</i> and <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>′.</p

Validation of the DEGs by qRT-PCR.

<p>c33229.graph_c0~ c79869.graph_c1 are unigene IDs. T1&T2 represent the control groups; T4&T5 represent the low temperature groups. Relative expression values are presented as the mean ± SE of three biological replicates. Differences statistically significant are indicated by asterisk (P<0.05).</p

Differential transcriptome analysis reveals genes related to cold tolerance in seabuckthorn carpenter moth, <i>Eogystia hippophaecolus</i>

<div><p>Seabuckthorn carpenter moth, <i>Eogystia hippophaecolus</i> (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), is an important pest of sea buckthorn (<i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i>), which is a shrub that has significant ecological and economic value in China. <i>E</i>. <i>hippophaecolus</i> is highly cold tolerant, but limited studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its cold resistance. Here we sequenced the <i>E</i>. <i>hippophaecolus</i> transcriptome using RNA-Seq technology and performed <i>de novo</i> assembly from the short paired-end reads. We investigated the larval response to cold stress by comparing gene expression profiles between treatments. We obtained 118,034 unigenes, of which 22,161 were annotated with gene descriptions, conserved domains, gene ontology terms, and metabolic pathways. These resulted in 57 GO terms and 193 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. By comparing transcriptome profiles for differential gene expression, we identified many differentially expressed proteins and genes, including heat shock proteins and cuticular proteins which have previously been reported to be involved in cold resistance of insects. This study provides a global transcriptome analysis and an assessment of differential gene expression in <i>E</i>. <i>hippophaecolus</i> under cold stress. We found seven differential expressed genes in common between developmental stages, which were verified with qPCR. Our findings facilitate future genomic studies aimed at improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of insects to low temperatures.</p></div

Defination of games.

<p>Defination of games.</p

Gene ontology (GO) annotations of the annotated unigenes.

<p>38,435 unigenes were assigned to three GO categories containing 57 functional subcategories. The y-axis on the right shows the number of genes in category, and that on the left shows the percentage of a specific category of genes in that main category.</p

Simulation of challenge keys and cipertext in oracles for the proof of the indistinguishability between <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>″ and <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>′.

<p>Simulation of challenge keys and cipertext in oracles for the proof of the indistinguishability between <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>″ and <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>′.</p

The query process in the proof of the indistinguishability of <i>G</i>_<i>C</i>′ and <i>G</i>_<i>SF</i>′.

<p>*The group elements that the oracle simulator gives to the challenger are not only the public parameters <i>PP</i>_<i>HIBE</i> and <i>PP</i>_<i>IBE</i>, but also the group elements for constructing the (ephemeral) semi-functional keys and ciphertexts and the public elements given by the assumptions.</p