CO₂ Reduction to Methanol on TiO₂‑Passivated GaP Photocatalysts

In the past, the electrochemical instability of III–V semiconductors has severely limited their applicability in photocatlaysis. As a result, a vast majority of the research on photocatalysis has been done on TiO₂, which is chemically robust over a wide range of pH. However, TiO₂ has a wide band gap (3.2 eV) and can only absorb ∼4% of the solar spectrum, and thus, it will never provide efficient solar energy conversion/storage on its own. Here, we report photocatalytic CO₂ reduction with water to produce methanol using TiO₂-passivated GaP photocathodes under 532 nm wavelength illumination. The TiO₂ layer prevents corrosion of the GaP, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy and photoelectrochemical measurements. Here, the GaP surface is passivated using a thin film of TiO₂ deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), which provides a viable, stable photocatalyst without sacrificing photocatalytic efficiency. In addition to providing a stable photocatalytic surface, the TiO₂ passivation provides substantial enhancement in the photoconversion efficiency through passivation of surface states, which cause nonradiative carrier recombination. In addition to passivation effects, the TiO₂ deposited by ALD is n-type due to oxygen vacancies and forms a pn-junction with the underlying p-type GaP photocathode. This creates a built-in field that assists in the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, further reducing recombination. This reduction in the surface recombination velocity (SRV) corresponds to a shift in the overpotential of almost 0.5 V. No enhancement is observed for TiO₂ thicknesses above 10 nm, due to the insulating nature of the TiO₂, which eventually outweighs the benefits of passivation

Rational Design of a Green-Light-Mediated Unimolecular Platform for Fast Switchable Acidic Sensing

A controllable sensing ability strongly connects to complex and precise events in diagnosis and treatment. However, imposing visible light into the molecular-scale mediation of sensing processes is restricted by the lack of structural relevance. To address this critical challenge, we present the rational design, synthesis, and in vitro studies of a novel cyanostyryl-modified azulene system for green-light-mediated fast switchable acidic sensing. The advantageous features of the design include a highly efficient green-light-driven <i>Z/E</i>-isomerization (a quantum yield up to 61.3%) for fast erasing chromatic and luminescent expressions and a superior compatibility with control of ratiometric protonation. Significantly, these merits of the design enable the development of a microfluidic system to perform a green-light-mediated reusable sensing function toward a gastric acid analyte in a miniaturized platform. The results may provide new insights for building future integrated green materials

Concentrations and BCFs of (-)-PCB149/(+)-PCB149 in embryo-larvae when exposed to atropisomers.

<p>Concentrations and BCFs of (-)-PCB149/(+)-PCB149 in embryo-larvae when exposed to atropisomers.</p

Heatmap of the expression level of indicated genes relative to the no-addition control.

<p>Hierarchical clustering was performed and is represented graphically by a color gradient, where red represents the highest level of relative inhibition and green the highest level of relative activation.</p

Additional file 2: of Hypomethylation coordinates antagonistically with hypermethylation in cancer development: a case study of leukemia

List of C-DMRs. This is an “xls” file providing coordinates for hyper- and hypo-C-DMRs common across all control tests in separate excel sheets, respectively. (XLS 117 kb

Cirsium tanakae Matsum. forma obvallatum Makino

原著和名: クルマアザミ科名: キク科 = Compositae採集地: 千葉県 佐倉市 生谷 (下総 佐倉市 生谷)採集日: 1985/11/12採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH030548国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-98054

The expression level of indicated genes relative to the no-addition control.

<p>A: transcription of genes involved in antioxidant system; B: transcription of genes involved in lipid-peroxidation; C: transcription of genes involved in methylation; D: transcription of CYP450; E: transcription of genes involved in dehydrogenation.</p

Zener Tunneling and Photocurrent Generation in Quasi-Metallic Carbon Nanotube pn-Devices

We investigate the electronic and optoelectronic properties of quasi-metallic nanotube pn-devices, which have smaller band gaps than most known bulk semiconductors. These carbon nanotube-based devices deviate from conventional bulk semiconductor device behavior due to their low-dimensional nature. We observe rectifying behavior based on Zener tunneling of ballistic carriers instead of ideal diode behavior, as limited by the diffusive transport of carriers. We observe substantial photocurrents at room temperature, suggesting that these quasi-metallic pn-devices may have a broader impact in optoelectronic devices. A new technique based on photocurrent spectroscopy is presented to identify the unique chirality of nanotubes in a functional device. This chirality information is crucial in obtaining a theoretical understanding of the underlying device physics that depends sensitively on nanotube chirality, as is the case for quasi-metallic nanotube devices. A detailed model is developed to fit the observed <i>I–V</i> characteristics, which enables us to verify the band gap from these measurements as well as the dimensions of the insulating tunneling barrier region

Additional file 7: of Hypomethylation coordinates antagonistically with hypermethylation in cancer development: a case study of leukemia

WGCNA. This is a “docx” file that describes correlation modules in details, together with the step-by-step description of WGCNA analysis. WGCNA description includes data cleaning and preprocessing, adjacency topological overlap matrix construction, module detection, calculation of various module measures, and description of preservation statistics methods used. It includes tables and figures for both 3′UTR methylation and non-coding gene data, and their relation with expression of genes analysis. (DOCX 1555 kb

VIP-plot via PLS-DA on the expression level of indicated genes.

<p>A: differential genes through comparison of racemic and (+)- PCB149; B: differential genes through comparison of (-)- and (+)- PCB149.</p