β,γ-Regioselective Inverse-Electron-Demand Aza-Diels–Alder Reactions with α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes via Dienamine Catalysis

A stereoselective inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels–Alder cycloaddition process of cyclic 1-aza-1,3-butadienes and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes has been developed via dienamine catalysis. This reaction exhibits excellent β,γ-regioselectivity for enal substrates with substantial structural diversity and broad functionalities, readily producing highly enantioenriched fused piperidine derivatives and enabling efficient sequential construction of complex polycyclic frameworks

Associations between general and specific measures of HIV risk perception and behaviors/intentions related to syringe sharing.

<p>PGAR: Perceived general absolute risk.</p><p>PGRR: Perceived general relative risk.</p><p>PRCSS: Perceived risk conditional on syringe sharing.</p><p>OR_u: Univariate odds ratio.</p><p>OR_adj: Odds ratio adjusted for significant background factor(s).</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.01;</p>**<p>p<0.001.</p><p>NA: Not applicable.</p

Registration Quality Assessment of Acupuncture Clinical Trials

<div><p>Background</p><p>Registration can help with transparency of acupuncture clinical trials (ACTs) by making protocol information and results available to the public. Recently, the number of registered ACTs has increased greatly, but only a few researchers have focused on the quality of ACTs registration. This review provides the first assessment of the registration quality of ACTs and the baseline information for future development.</p> <p>Methods</p><p>All records of ACTs registered in the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) were collected. Data was extracted and input to Excel spreadsheets. The current 20 items of the WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) and the special prepared items for acupuncture intervention details were used to assess the registration quality of ACTs.</p> <p>Results</p><p>A total of 740 records, found in 11 registries, were examined. The number of registered ACTs increased rapidly and involved a number of different diseases. The completeness of 20 items was not too poor due to 16 of them had a higher reported percentage (>85%). The completeness of the 20 items was different among registries. For example, the average registration percentage of 20 items in Clinicaltrials.gov, ChiCTR, ISRCTN and ANZCTR were 89.6%, 92.2%, 82.4% and 91.6% respectively. Detailed information regarding acupuncture intervention was seriously insufficient. Among the 740 registration records, 89.2% lacked information on the style of acupuncture, 80.8% did not contain details regarding the needles used, 53.5% lacked information on the treatment regimen and 76.2% did not give details of other interventions administered with acupuncture.</p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>The overall registration quality of ACTs is not high enough due to the serious lack of information on the specifics of acupuncture intervention. It is vital that a number of special items be set regarding acupuncture in order to develop a suitable system for the registration of ACTs.</p> </div

Electrochemistry of Aqueous Pyridinium: Exploration of a Key Aspect of Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO₂ to Methanol

The mechanism by which pyridinium (pyrH⁺) is reduced at a Pt electrode is a matter of recent controversy. The quasireversible cyclic voltammetric wave observed at −0.58 V vs SCE at a Pt electrode was originally proposed to correspond to reduction of pyrH⁺ to pyridinyl radical (pyrH^•). This mechanistic explanation for the observed electrochemistry seems unlikely in light of recent quantum mechanical calculations that predict a very negative reduction potential (−1.37 V vs SCE) for the formation of pyrH^•. Several other mechanisms have been proposed to account for the discrepancy in calculated and observed reduction potentials, including surface adsorption of pyrH^•, reduction of pyrH⁺ by two electrons rather than one, and reduction of the pyrH⁺ proton to a surface hydride rather than a π-based radical product. This final mechanism, which can be described as inner-sphere reduction of pyrH⁺ to form a surface hydride, is consistent with experimental observations

Eligibility criteria for participants.

a<p>n = 679.</p

Additional file 2 of TSH levels within the normal range and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among individuals with diabetes

Additional file 2: Table S1 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of cancer and diabetes mortality according to tertiles of serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes. Table S2 HR (95% CI) of all-cause and CVD mortality according to serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes after excluding participants who died with 2 years of follow-up (N = 1733). Table S3 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause and CVD mortality according to quintiles of serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes in NHANES III (N = 1830). Table S4 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause and CVD mortality according to serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes after excluding participants with history of CVD (N = 1503). Table S5 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause and CVD mortality according to serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes after excluding participants with history of cancer (N = 1657). Table S6 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause mortality according to serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes with further adjustment for urinary iodine, TPO-Ab, or TT4. Table S7 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause mortality according to serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes with further adjustment for HEI, HOMA-IR or CRP. Table S8 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause and CVD mortality according to serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes with further adjustment for frailty (N = 1333). Table S9 Hazard ratio (95% CI) of all-cause mortality according to serum TSH levels among patients with diabetes after 10-year follow-up (N = 1830)

Types of diseases.

a<p>Common ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases 10.</p

20 items of WHO TRDS.

a<p>N = Number.</p>b<p>ID = Identifying Number.</p

Background characteristics of the participants (n = 377).

1<p>A health-looking person infected with HIV could transmit HIV to others.</p>2<p>Including MMT, SEP, distribution of free condoms, STD checkup/treatment, and HIV/STD education materials.</p

Associations between general and specific measures of HIV risk perception & condom use previous behaviors and future intentions.

#<p>Among those having the respective type of sex partner in the last 6 months (i.e. RP: n = 257; NRP: n = 97; FSW: n = 107).</p><p>PGAR: Perceived general absolute risk.</p><p>PGRR: Perceived general relative risk.</p><p>PRCUS(RP): Perceived risk conditional on unprotected sex with RP; PRCUS(NRP): Perceived risk conditional on unprotected sex with NRP; PRCUS(FSW): Perceived risk conditional on unprotected sex with FSW.</p><p>OR_u: Univariate odds ratio.</p><p>OR_adj: Odds ratio adjusted for significant background factor(s).</p>*<p>p<0.05;</p>**<p>p<0.01;</p>***<p>p<0.001.</p><p>NA: not applicable.</p