Terpolymer-Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Hydrogel Prepared by Photopolymerization Under Green LED Irradiation for Wound Hemostasis

Multifunctional materials with hemostasis, adhesive, and antibacterial properties must be developed to meet the demand for wound hemostasis. In this work, a hybrid hydrogel (ATD-HAp hydrogel) based on a terpolymer and hydroxyapatite (HAp) was prepared by photopolymerization within 1 min under green LED irradiation. The polymer chains of ATD-HAp hydrogel with adjustable tensile and adhesion properties and antibacterial properties were formed by copolymerization of acrylamide, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide, and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan as a cross-linking agent. HAp was added to the hydrogel to release Ca2+ to promote coagulation. The results showed that ATD-HAp hydrogel had good tensile (196.7 kPa), wet-adhesive (10.3 kPa), self-healing, antibacterial properties, and coagulation. And the ATD-HAp hydrogel had excellent blood compatibility and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the experimental results of the hemostasis model in mice proved that the ATD-HAp hydrogel can significantly shorten the hemostasis time and reduce blood loss. Therefore, the ATD-HAp hydrogel has great potential in the field of wound hemostasis

Terpolymer-Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Hydrogel Prepared by Photopolymerization Under Green LED Irradiation for Wound Hemostasis

Multifunctional materials with hemostasis, adhesive, and antibacterial properties must be developed to meet the demand for wound hemostasis. In this work, a hybrid hydrogel (ATD-HAp hydrogel) based on a terpolymer and hydroxyapatite (HAp) was prepared by photopolymerization within 1 min under green LED irradiation. The polymer chains of ATD-HAp hydrogel with adjustable tensile and adhesion properties and antibacterial properties were formed by copolymerization of acrylamide, N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide, and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and methacrylated carboxymethyl chitosan as a cross-linking agent. HAp was added to the hydrogel to release Ca2+ to promote coagulation. The results showed that ATD-HAp hydrogel had good tensile (196.7 kPa), wet-adhesive (10.3 kPa), self-healing, antibacterial properties, and coagulation. And the ATD-HAp hydrogel had excellent blood compatibility and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the experimental results of the hemostasis model in mice proved that the ATD-HAp hydrogel can significantly shorten the hemostasis time and reduce blood loss. Therefore, the ATD-HAp hydrogel has great potential in the field of wound hemostasis

Protein-Based 3D Microstructures with Controllable Morphology and pH-Responsive Properties

The microtechnology of controlling stimuli-responsive biomaterials at micrometer scale is crucial for biomedical applications. Here, we report bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with tunable surface morphology and pH-responsive properties via two-photon polymerization microfabrication technology. The laser processing parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, and layer distance, are optimized for the fabrication of well-defined 3D BSA microstructures. The tunable morphology of BSA microstructures and a wide range of pH response corresponding to the swelling ratio of 1.08–2.71 have been achieved. The swelling behavior of the microstructures can be strongly influenced by the concentration of BSA precursor, which has been illustrated by a reasonable mechanism. A panda face-shaped BSA microrelief with reversible pH-responsive properties is fabricated and exhibits unique “facial expression” variations in pH cycle. We further design a mesh sieve-shaped microstructure as a functional device for promising microparticle separation. The pore sizes of microstructures can be tuned by changing the pH values. Therefore, such protein-based microstructures with controllable morphology and pH-responsive properties have potential applications especially in biomedicine and biosensors

Pollen staining with I₂-KI revealed the normal development of a small portion of pollen from the partially rescued FIL-B.

<p>Representative images of the stained pollen of Jing724 (<b>A</b>) and the partially rescued (<b>B</b>) and sterile (<b>C</b>) individuals of FIL-B. Pollen was collected when the anthers exserted in the partially rescued plants. Round pollen with black staining was recorded as normal. The scale bars represent 200 μm.</p

Identification of genomic regions contributing to the fertility instability in FIL-B by BSR-Seq using the Euclidean distance (ED) algorithm.

<p><b>A.</b> The ED scores raised to the fifth power across the genome. Each dot represents each SNP identified from the RNA-Seq, and the different colors designate the different chromosomes as indicated on the X-axis. For all of the panels, the gray vertical dotted lines delineate the chromosome edges, and the width of the chromosome represents the relative numbers of SNPs identified. The pink horizontal dotted lines represent the significant threshold of the 99% percentile of the ED⁵. <b>B.</b> The ED⁵ scores of a close-up of chromosome 2. <b>C.</b> The Loess fit curve calculated from A. <b>D.</b> The Loess fit curve of a close-up of chromosome 2 with the physical position indicated on X-axis. Each peak represents a possible associated genomic region.</p

The physical position and number of genes in the five identified genomic regions on chromosome 2.

<p>The physical position and number of genes in the five identified genomic regions on chromosome 2.</p

Identification of Genes Potentially Associated with the Fertility Instability of S-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize via Bulked Segregant RNA-Seq

<div><p>S-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-S) is the largest group among the three major types of CMS in maize. CMS-S exhibits fertility instability as a partial fertility restoration in a specific nuclear genetic background, which impedes its commercial application in hybrid breeding programs. The fertility instability phenomenon of CMS-S is controlled by several minor quantitative trait locus (QTLs), but not the major nuclear fertility restorer (<i>Rf3</i>). However, the gene mapping of these minor QTLs and the molecular mechanism of the genetic modifications are still unclear. Using completely sterile and partially rescued plants of fertility instable line (FIL)-B, we performed bulk segregant RNA-Seq and identified six potential associated genes in minor effect QTLs contributing to fertility instability. Analyses demonstrate that these potential associated genes may be involved in biological processes, such as floral organ differentiation and development regulation, energy metabolism and carbohydrates biosynthesis, which results in a partial anther exsertion and pollen fertility restoration in the partially rescued plants. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in two potential associated genes were validated to be related to the fertility restoration phenotype by KASP marker assays. This novel knowledge contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the partial fertility restoration of CMS-S in maize and thus helps to guide the breeding programs.</p></div

Twelve genes with differential expression from the 5 genomic regions identified on chromosome 2.

<p>Twelve genes with differential expression from the 5 genomic regions identified on chromosome 2.</p

Paraffin slides show normal microspore development in the partially rescued FIL-B.

<p>Microscopic images of anther transverse sections of Jing724 (<b>A</b>) and the partially rescued (<b>B</b>) and sterile (<b>C</b>) individuals of FIL-B. The black round microspores were considered as normal. The scale bars represent 100 μm.</p

SNPs in genes potentially associated with fertility instability identified from RNA-Seq

<p>SNPs in genes potentially associated with fertility instability identified from RNA-Seq</p