Process Decoupling of Plasma Enhanced Synthesis of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Particles in a Circulating Fluidized Bed

Plasma enhanced synthesis of CPVC particles in a gas-solid plasma circulating fluidized bed reactor (PCFBR) is proposed as a novel CPVC synthesizing method. The chlorination process is decoupled into a fast initiation step in a plasma riser and a slow chlorination process in the accompanying bed. The CPVC product has good properties in terms of chlorine content and microstructure

Single-Carrier Delay Alignment Modulation for Multi-IRS Aided Communication

Delay alignment modulation (DAM) is a promising technology to achieve ISI-free wideband communication, by leveraging delay compensation and path-based beamforming, rather than the conventional channel equalization or multi-carrier transmission. In particular, when there exist a few strong time-dispersive channel paths, DAM can effectively align different propagation delays and achieve their constructive superposition, thus especially appealing for intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs)-aided communications with controllable multi-paths. In this paper, we apply DAM to multi-IRS aided wideband communication and study its practical design and achievable performance. We first provide an asymptotic analysis showing that when the number of base station (BS) antennas is much larger than that of IRSs, an ISI-free channel can be established with appropriate delay pre-compensation and the simple path-based MRT beamforming. We then consider the general system setup and study the problem of joint path-based beamforming and phase shifts design for DAM transmission, by considering the three classical beamforming techniques on a per-path basis, namely the low-complexity path-based MRT beamforming, the path-based ZF beamforming for ISI-free DAM communication, and the optimal path-based MMSE beamforming. As a comparison, OFDM-based multi-IRS aided communication is considered. Simulation results demonstrate that DAM outperforms OFDM in terms of spectral efficiency, BER, and PAPR.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Effect of Scrophularia ningpoensis extract on diabetes in rats

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Scrophularia ningpoensis extract (SNE) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: SNE was obtained by steeping the dried Scrophularia ningpoensis in water at 60 oC three times, each for 1 h, before first drying in an oven at 100 oC and then freeze-drying the last extract thus obtained. Diabetic rats were prepared by a single intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of ten rats each: negative control group, control group, reference group (glibenclamide1 mg/kgbody weight) as well as SNE groups, (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were evaluated in order to determine antihyperglycemic effect. Oxidative stress was evaluated in liver and kidney by antioxidant markers, viz, lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT); blood serum levels of creatinine and urea were determined in both diabetic control and treated rats.Results: Compared with diabetic rats, oral administration of SNE at a concentration of 200 mg/kg daily for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose to 120.21 ± 3.37 mg/dL (p < 0.05) and increased insulin level to 13.31 ± 0.67 uU/mL (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it significantly reduced biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, 0.86 ± 0.24 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and serum urea (41.86 ± 1.59 mg/dL, p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results suggest that SNE may effectively normalize impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner. SNE has a protective effect against lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals and is thus capable of reducing the risk of diabetic complications.Keywords: Scrophularia ningpoensis, Diabetic, Antihyperglycemic, Antioxidant Oxidative stress, Fasting blood glucos