Audio-Visual Spatial Integration and Recursive Attention for Robust Sound Source Localization

The objective of the sound source localization task is to enable machines to detect the location of sound-making objects within a visual scene. While the audio modality provides spatial cues to locate the sound source, existing approaches only use audio as an auxiliary role to compare spatial regions of the visual modality. Humans, on the other hand, utilize both audio and visual modalities as spatial cues to locate sound sources. In this paper, we propose an audio-visual spatial integration network that integrates spatial cues from both modalities to mimic human behavior when detecting sound-making objects. Additionally, we introduce a recursive attention network to mimic human behavior of iterative focusing on objects, resulting in more accurate attention regions. To effectively encode spatial information from both modalities, we propose audio-visual pair matching loss and spatial region alignment loss. By utilizing the spatial cues of audio-visual modalities and recursively focusing objects, our method can perform more robust sound source localization. Comprehensive experimental results on the Flickr SoundNet and VGG-Sound Source datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over existing approaches. Our code is available at: https://github.com/VisualAIKHU/SIRA-SSLComment: Camera-Ready, ACM MM 202

Fabrication and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of CF/GNP Composites

AbstractCNT/CFRP (Carbon Nanotube/ Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) composites and GNP/CFRP (Graphene Nano platelet/ Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) have several excellent mechanical properties including, high strength, young's modulus, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, electronic shielding and so on. In this study, CNT/CFRP composites were manufactured by varying the CNT weight ratio as 2wt% and 3wt%, While GNP/CFRP composites were manufactured by varying the GNP weight ratio as 0.5wt% and 1wt%. The composites ware manufactured by mechanical method (3-roll-mill). Tensile, impact and wear tests were performed according to ASTM standards D638, D256 and D3181 respectively. It was observed that, increasing the CNT weight ratio improves the mechanical properties, e.g., tensile strength, impact and wear resistance

Improved Chest Anomaly Localization without Pixel-level Annotation via Image Translation Network Application in Pseudo-paired Registration Domain

Image translation based on a generative adversarial network (GAN-IT) is a promising method for the precise localization of abnormal regions in chest X-ray images (AL-CXR) even without pixel-level annotation. However, heterogeneous unpaired datasets undermine existing methods to extract key features and distinguish normal from abnormal cases, resulting in inaccurate and unstable AL-CXR. To address this problem, we propose an improved two-stage GAN-IT involving registration and data augmentation. For the first stage, we introduce an advanced deep-learning-based registration technique that virtually and reasonably converts unpaired data into paired data for learning registration maps, by sequentially utilizing linear-based global and uniform coordinate transformation and AI-based non-linear coordinate fine-tuning. This approach enables the independent and complex coordinate transformation of each detailed location of the lung while recognizing the entire lung structure, thereby achieving higher registration performance with resolving inherent artifacts caused by unpaired conditions. For the second stage, we apply data augmentation to diversify anomaly locations by swapping the left and right lung regions on the uniform registered frames, further improving the performance by alleviating imbalance in data distribution showing left and right lung lesions. The proposed method is model agnostic and shows consistent AL-CXR performance improvement in representative AI models. Therefore, we believe GAN-IT for AL-CXR can be clinically implemented by using our basis framework, even if learning data are scarce or difficult for the pixel-level disease annotation

The Foundations of International Business: Cross-Border Investment Activity and the Balance between Market-Power and Efficiency Effects

The foundational international business (IB) scholarship grappled with whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) are largely efficiency-enhancing or market-power inducing institutions. Contemporary scholarship, however, often associates foreign direct investment (FDI) with efficiency-enhancing properties and thus neglects the market-power interpretation of the MNE. Such an imbalance is problematic given that the theoretical and empirical justifications behind the field's embrace of the efficiency interpretation are not fully evident. Instead, both efficiency and market-power effects are seemingly present in cross-border investment activity. Based on a comprehensive sample of up to 4,361 cross-border investments materializing between 1986 and 2010, we present theoretically-grounded hypotheses with regard to when market-power effects will tend to dominate efficiency effects. We find that cross-border investments undertaken by emerging-market MNEs in both developed and emerging markets tend to involve substantial efficiency effects and minimal market-power effects when compared with the cross-border investments undertaken by developed-country MNEs in both developed and emerging markets

Implicit Inverse Force Identification Method of Acoustic Liquid-structure Interaction Finite Element Model

The two-field vibroacoustic finite-element (FE) model requires a relatively large number of degrees of freedom compared to the monophysics model, and the conventional force identification method for structural vibration can be adjusted for multiphysics problems. In this study, an effective inverse force identification method for an FE vibroacoustic interaction model of an interior fluid-structure system was proposed. The method consists of: (1) implicit inverse force identification based on the Newmark-$\beta$ time integration algorithm for stability and efficiency, (2) second-order ordinary differential formulation by avoiding the state-space form causing large degrees of freedom, (3) projection-based multiphysics reduced-order modeling for further reduction of degrees of freedom, and (4) Tikhonov regularization to alleviate the measurement noise. The proposed method can accurately identify the unmeasured applied forces on the in situ application and concurrently reconstruct the response fields. The accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency of the proposed method were evaluated using numerical models and an experimental testbed. A comparative study with the augmented Kalman filter method was performed to evaluate its relative performance.Comment: 31 Pages, 20 Figures, 5 Table

Excess cost of non-remission among outpatients with major depressive disorder

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the economic benefit of achieving remission among outpatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who are currently employed in Korea. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. A total of 337 outpatients with MDD with paid jobs were recruited from 14 psychiatric clinics in Korea and were then divided into three groups as follows: new visit group (n = 128), remitted group (n = 100) and non-remitted group (n = 109). The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to decide whether a patient should be assigned to the remitted or non-remitted group. Direct medical and non-medical costs were measured via interview with the subjects. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) were applied in order to measure the lost productive time (LPT) and related productivity costs. Results: The three groups did not show a significant difference in direct medical cost. However, the difference between the remitted group and non-remitted group was statistically significant (25.49 ± 52.99 vs. 44.79 ± 126.55, χ2 = 12.99, p = 0.0015). The remitted group demonstrated a significant improvement in productivity (particularly presenteeism) when compared with the new visit group (Z = −3.29, p = 0.001). Although the non-remitted group received treatment at psychiatric clinics similar to the remitted group, it lost 33 more working hours per month, which is compatible to $332 per month. Conclusion: These results suggest the economic importance of achieving remission in treating depression