The convergence of the core of a fuzzy exchange economy

summary:This paper focuses on a new model called fuzzy exchange economy (FXE), which integrates fuzzy consumption, fuzzy initial endowment and the agent's fuzzy preference (vague attitude) in the fuzzy consumption set. Also, the existence of the fuzzy competitive equilibrium for the FXE is verified through a related pure exchange economy. We define a core-like concept (called weak fuzzy core) of the FXE and prove that any fuzzy competitive allocation belongs to the weak fuzzy core. The fuzzy replica economy, which is the $r$-fold repetition of the FXE, is considered. Finally, we show that the weak fuzzy core of the $r$-fold fuzzy replica economy, i. e., the set of all fuzzy allocations which cannot be blocked by any coalition of agents, converges to the set of fuzzy competitive allocations of the FXE as $r$ becomes large

Quarkyonic matter and quarkyonic stars in an extended RMF model

By combining RMF models and equivparticle models with density-dependent quark masses, we construct explicitly ``a quark Fermi Sea'' and ``a baryonic Fermi surface'' to model the quarkyonic phase, where baryons with momentums ranging from zero to Fermi momentums are included. The properties of nuclear matter, quark matter, and quarkyonic matter are then investigated in a unified manner, where quarkyonic matter is more stable and energy minimization is still applicable to obtain the microscopic properties of dense matter. Three different covariant density functionals TW99, PKDD, and DD-ME2 are adopted in our work, where TW99 gives satisfactory predictions for the properties of nuclear matter both in neutron stars and heavy-ion collisions and quarkyonic transition is unfavorable. Nevertheless, if PKDD with larger slope of symmetry energy $L$ or DD-ME2 with larger skewness coefficient $J$ are adopted, the corresponding EOSs are too stiff according to both experimental and astrophysical constraints. The situation is improved if quarkyonic transition takes place, where the EOSs become softer and can accommodate various experimental and astrophysical constraints

The prospect of rising in rank is key to long-term stability in Tibetan macaque society

One of the most fundamental questions in behavioural biology is why societies can persist for a long period of time. While researchers in animal behaviour have been hindered by a lack of an aggregate measure (such as social mobility) to quantify the dynamics of animal societies, researchers in social sciences have been challenged by the complexity and diversity of human societies. As a result, direct empirical evidence is still lacking for the hypothesized causal relationship between social mobility and social stability. Here we attempt to fill the void by examining a much simpler society in the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), which we have tracked for 30 consecutive years. By testing two group level hypotheses based on benefit-cost analysis and social stratification, we show the first quantitative evidence that an annual 2-to-1 stay/change ratio in the hierarchy with a 3-to-1 upward/downward ratio in intragenerational social mobility provides a substantive expected benefit for adult members to stay in the group and wait for their chances to advance. Furthermore, using a Markov transition matrix constructed from empirical data, we demonstrate that the 3-to-1 upward/downward ratio could lead to long-term structural stability in Tibetan macaque society

Female behavioral strategies during consortship in Tibetan macaques (\u3ci\u3eMacaca thibetana\u3c/i\u3e)

Consortship has been defined as a temporary association between an adult male and an estrous/receptive female. It has been considered as male mating strategies to improve male mating success and potential reproductive success. However, the female roles have been more or less neglected, and thus, less is known about female behavioral strategies during the consortship periods. In this study, during the two consecutive mating seasons, we collected behavioral data of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) habituated in Mt. Huangshan, China, to investigate female behaviors when she was consorted by an adult male. The results showed that (a) females were more likely to approach and exhibit sexual solicitation to their consorting males during the consorted period, and females also exhibited less approach to their nonconsorting males; (b) females exhibited strong responses (either departed distantly or formed affiliative relationships with their consorting male partner) when their consorting males mated with rival females or showed sexual motivation toward rival females; (c) female preferences were positively correlated to the duration of consortships and the frequencies of ejaculation copulations, independent of the social ranks of their consorting male partners. Our results suggested that female strategies played much more important roles in forming and maintaining consortship than previously assumed. It provides new insight into understanding female adaptive strategies to male strategies by forming consortships in multimale–multifemale primate species when males could not identify female\u27s fertile phase accurately

circRNA-SMO upregulates CEP85 to promote proliferation and migration of glioblastoma via sponging miR-326

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in cancer development by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate the signaling axis. However, more comprehensive mechanisms of circRNAs in glioblastoma need to be elucidated. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of circRNA-SMO and miR-326. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to verify the interaction among circRNA-SMO, miR-326, and CEP85. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to detect apoptosis. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of the different molecules. Animal xenograft experiments were performed to evaluate the role of circRNA-SMO in vivo. CircRNA-SMO was upregulated in glioblastoma tissues and glioblastoma cells. CircRNA-SMO downregulation inhibited the viability and colonyforming ability of the glioblastoma cells. In addition, miR-326 was downregulated in glioblastoma cells, which was verified to sponge circRNA-SMO and interact with CEP85. Moreover, circRNA-SMO inhibition induced the elevation of miR-326 and apoptosis, accompanied by a decrease in CEP85. CircRNA-SMO knockdown-mediated tumor inhibition was prevented by an miR-326 inhibitor. Furthermore, circRNA-SMO inhibition inhibited tumor growth in vivo, accompanied by an increase in miR-326 and a decline in CEP85 in tumor tissues. Conclusions. CircRNA-SMO sponges miR-326 to promote glioblastoma proliferation and migration by upregulating CEP85 expression. This study clarified the role of circRNA-SMO in the development of glioblastoma, providing novel insights for its treatment

Research on the Design of Survery Lines in a Marine Magnetic Survey

The planning of a marine magnetic survey requires careful consideration in the design of the survey lines to ensure the results of the survey meet expected standards. This paper describes various evaluation methods to determine an optimal survey line layout for a marine magnetic survey that conforms to Chinese marine magnetic survey Standards. Various survey line layouts are tested using simulated data to evaluate the interpolation precision between neighbouring survey lines and the magnetic anomaly map. The test results provide a recommended process to determine the rationality and the optimal layout of the survey line pattern for undertaking marine magnetic surveys.La planificación de un levantamiento magnético marino requiere una cuidadosa consideración en el diseño de las trayectorias a seguir para garantizar que los resultados del levantamiento cumplan las normas esperadas. Este artículo describe los diversos métodos de evaluación para determinar una disposición óptima de las trayectorias para un levantamiento magnético marino que sea conforme a las normas chinas de levantamientos magnéticos marinos. Se han efectuado pruebas sobre varias disposiciones de trayectorias, utilizando datos simulados para evaluar la precisión de la interpolación entre trayectorias vecinas y el mapa de anomalías magnéticas. Los resultados de las pruebas proporcionan un proceso recomendado para determinar la racionalidad y la disposición óptima del patrón de trayectorias para llevar cabo levantamientos magnéticos marinos.La planification d’un levé magnétique marin requiert un examen minutieux de la conception des profils de sonde pour assurer que les résultats du levé répondent aux normes attendues. Cet article décrit différentes méthodes d’évaluation en vue de déterminer une présentation de profil de sonde optimale pour un levé magnétique marin qui soit conforme aux normes des levés magnétiques marins chinois. Diverses présentations de profils de sonde sont testées à l’aide de données simulées dans le but d’évaluer la précision de l’interpolation entre profils de sonde voisins et la carte des anomalies magnétiques Les résultats des tests permettent de recommander un processus pour déterminer la rationalité et la présentation optimale du schéma de profil de sonde afin d’entreprendre des levés magnétiques marins

Seasonal Variation and Synchronization of Sexual Behaviors in Free-Ranging Male Tibetan Macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan, China

Although seasonal breeding has been documented in many non-human primates, it is not clear whether sexual behaviors show seasonal variation among male individuals. To test this hypothesis, the focal animal sampling method and continuous recording were used to investigate seasonal variation and synchronization of sexual behaviors in five male Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan from Oct 2005 to Sept 2006. Both copulatory and sexually motivated behaviors (i.e., sexual chase, grimace, and sexual-inspection), which were significantly higher in the mating season than non-mating season. Furthermore, seasonal variations of sexual behaviors, including copulatory and sexually motivated behaviors, were synchronized among males. The results shed light on sexual competition and tactics for reproductive success of male M. thibetana and other non-human primates with seasonal breeding