Comparison of Second and Third Editions of the Bayley Scales in Children With Suspected Developmental Delay

ObjectiveTo compare the scores of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development second edition (BSID-II) and the third edition, Bayley-III, in children with suspected developmental delay and to determine the cutoff score for developmental delay in the Bayley-III.MethodsChildren younger than 42 months (n=62) with suspected developmental delay who visited our department between 2014 and 2015 were assessed with both the BSID-II and Bayley-III tests.ResultsThe mean Bayley-III Cognitive Language Composite (CLC) score was 5.8 points higher than the mean BSID-II Mental Developmental Index (MDI) score, and the mean Bayley-III Motor Composite (MC) score was 7.9 points higher than the mean BSID-II Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) score. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of a BSID-II MDI score <70, Bayley-III CLC scores showed a cutoff of 78.0 (96.6% sensitivity and 93.9% specificity). In ROC analysis of a BSID-II PDI score <70, the Bayley-III MC score showed a cutoff of 80.ConclusionThere was a strong correlation between the BSID-II and Bayley-III in children with suspected developmental delay. The Bayley-III identified fewer children with developmental delay. The recommended cutoff value for developmental delay increased from a BSID-II score of 70 to a Bayley-III CLC score of 78 and Bayley-III MC score of 80

Simplified Y6???Based Nonfullerene Acceptors: In???Depth Study on Molecular Structure???Property Relation, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Charge Dynamics

Two new Y6 derivatives of symmetrical YBO-2O and asymmetrical YBO-FO nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are prepared with a simplified synthetic procedure by incorporating octyl and fluorine substituents onto the terminal 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) moiety. By moving the alkyl substituents on the Y6 core to the terminal INCN moiety, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the YBO NFAs increases without decreasing solubility, resulting in high open-circuit voltages of the devices. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that YBO-2O/-FO preferentially form core???core and terminal???terminal dimeric interactions, demonstrating their tighter packing structure and higher electron mobility than Y6, which is consistent with 2D grazing incidence X-ray scattering and space charge limited current measurements. In blend films, the hole transfer (HT) from YBO-2O/-FO to the polymer donor PM6 is studied in detail by transient absorption spectroscopy, demonstrating efficient HT from YBO-FO to PM6 with their suitable energy level alignment. Despite the simplified synthesis, YBO-FO demonstrates photovoltaic performance similar to that of Y6, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of 15.01%. Overall, this design strategy not only simplifies the synthetic procedures but also adjusts the electrical properties by modifying the intermolecular packing and energy level alignment, suggesting a novel simplified molecular design of Y6 derivatives