4-(Cyano­meth­yl)anilinium chloride

The crystal structure of the title compound, C8H9N2 +·Cl−, is stabilized by N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Detection of Synchronous Multiple Primary Cancers in Esophagus and Stomach: Single Center Experience from China

The present study was undertaken to clarify the prevalence and clinicopathological features of synchronous multiple primary cancers (SMPCs) under upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. We enrolled 45,032 consecutive patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination for digestive disease from January 2006 to December 2007 in our hospital and analyzed the clinicopathological features of SMPCs in esophagus and stomach. SMPCs are defined as two or over two different cancerous lesions developing in the same or other organs within 6 months. SMPCs were identified in 46 patients (0.1%). The gender ratio was 5.6 : 1 (male/female) and the mean age was 59.4 years. Synchronous esophageal and gastric cancers were the most frequent, being seen in 32 patients (0.07%). The most common histological types of SMPCs were squamous cell carcinoma in esophagus and adenocarcinoma in stomach, respectively. There were 27 (59%) SMPCs patients who had the history of simultaneous exposure to tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Additionally, 32 (78%) esophageal squamous cell cancers were associated with tobacco use. And 23 adenocarcinomas of the stomach were associated with Helicobacter pylori infection

Bis(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carb­oxy­lic acid) monohydrate

The crystal structure of the title compound, 2C10H9N3O2·H2O, synthesized from azido­benzene and ethyl acetyl­acetate, is stabilized by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

4-(Cyano­meth­yl)anilinium 4-methyl­benzene­sulfonate monohydrate

In the title salt, C8H9N2 +·C7H7O3S−·H2O, the dihedral angle between the cation and anion benzene rings is 50.1 (4)°. In the cation, the cyano­methyl group is twisted from the plane of the benzene ring [C—C—C—N = −86 (12)°]. In the crystal, the cations, anions and water mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain along the c axis

3-[(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl­methyl]benzonitrile

In the title compound, C15H11N3S, the dihedral angle between the benzimidazole ring system and the benzene ring is 51.8 (2)°. The crystal structure exhibits inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds which lead to the formation of C(4) chains along the [001] direction

Competitive and Weighted Evolving Simplicial Complexes

A simplex-based network is referred to as a higher-order network, in which describe that the interactions can include more than two nodes. This paper first proposes a competitive evolving model of higher-order networks. We notice the batch effect of low-dim simplices during the growth of such a network. We obtain an analytical expression for the distribution of higher-order degrees by employing the theory of Poisson processes and the mean field method and use computers to simulate higher-order networks of competitions. The established results indicate that the scale-free behavior for the (d-1)-dim simplex with respect to the d-order degree is controlled by the competitiveness factor. As the competitiveness increases, the d-order degree of the (d-1)-dim simplex is bent under the logarithmic coordinates. Second, by considering the weight changes of the neighboring simplices, as triggered by the selected simplex, a new weighted evolving model in higher-order networks is proposed. The results of the competitive evolving model of higher-order networks are used to analyze the weighted evolving model so that obtained are the analytical expressions of the higher-order degree distribution and higher-order strength density function of weighted higher-order networks. The outcomes of the simulation experiments are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Therefore, the weighted network belongs to the collection of competition networks

Missing call bias in high-throughput genotyping

© 2009 Fu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Erythrocyte enrichment in hematopoietic progenitor cell cultures based on magnetic susceptibility of the hemoglobin

Using novel media formulations, it has been demonstrated that human placenta and umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells can be expanded and differentiated into erythroid cells with high efficiency. However, obtaining mature and functional erythrocytes from the immature cell cultures with high purity and in an efficient manner remains a significant challenge. A distinguishing feature of a reticulocyte and maturing erythrocyte is the increasing concentration of hemoglobin and decreasing cell volume that results in increased cell magnetophoretic mobility (MM) when exposed to high magnetic fields and gradients, under anoxic conditions. Taking advantage of these initial observations, we studied a noninvasive (label-free) magnetic separation and analysis process to enrich and identify cultured functional erythrocytes. In addition to the magnetic cell separation and cell motion analysis in the magnetic field, the cell cultures were characterized for cell sedimentation rate, cell volume distributions using differential interference microscopy, immunophenotyping (glycophorin A), hemoglobin concentration and shear-induced deformability (elongation index, EI, by ektacytometry) to test for mature erythrocyte attributes. A commercial, packed column high-gradient magnetic separator (HGMS) was used for magnetic separation. The magnetically enriched fraction comprised 80% of the maturing cells (predominantly reticulocytes) that showed near 70% overlap of EI with the reference cord blood-derived RBC and over 50% overlap with the adult donor RBCs. The results demonstrate feasibility of label-free magnetic enrichment of erythrocyte fraction of CD34+ progenitor-derived cultures based on the presence of paramagnetic hemoglobin in the maturing erythrocytes. © 2012 Jin et al