Delayed Rupture of an Anterior Communicating Artery Pseudoaneurysm Caused by Distal Occlusion Thrombectomy Using a Stent Retriever: A Case Report and Mechanism of Injury

We report a case of delayed rupture of an anterior communicating artery (Acom) pseudoaneurysm following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of a distal artery occlusion using a stent retriever. An elderly patient with right hemiparesis showed left proximal internal cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery occlusions. During MT, a fragmented thrombus moved to the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). A stent retriever was deployed to the occluded ACA, and the Acom and proximal ACA segment were significantly straightened. Additionally, we attempted a blind exchange mini-pinning (BEMP) technique, but a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occurred. Bleeding was almost entirely absorbed 9 days after the procedure, but the SAH recurred at 20 days, and computed tomography angiography revealed a new pseudoaneurysm formation in the Acom. We suggest that the proposed mechanism of pseudoaneurysm formation was likely due to the dislocation and avulsion of the Acom perforators when the ipsilateral ACA was pushed and pulled during MT

Estrogen receptor-α gene haplotype is associated with primary knee osteoarthritis in Korean population

Estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) are known to play important roles in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA). To investigate ER-α gene polymorphisms for its associations with primary knee OA, we conducted a case–control association study in patients with primary knee OA (n = 151) and healthy individuals (n = 397) in the Korean population. Haplotyping analysis was used to determine the relationship between three polymorphisms in the ER-α gene (intron 1 T/C, intron 1 A/G and exon 8 G/A) and primary knee OA. Genotypes of the ER-α gene polymorphism were determined by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion (PvuII for intron 1 T/C, XbaI for intron 1 A/G, and BtgI for exon 8 G/A polymorphism). There was no significant difference between primary knee OA patients and healthy control individuals in the distribution of any of the genotypes evaluated. However, we found that the allele frequency for the exon 8 G/A BtgI polymorphism (codon 594) was significantly different between primary knee OA patients and control individuals (odds ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.88; P = 0.044). In haplotype frequency estimation analysis, there was a significant difference between primary knee OA patients and control individuals (degrees of freedom = 7, χ(2 )= 21.48; P = 0.003). Although the number OA patients studied is small, the present study shows that ER-α gene haplotype may be associated with primary knee OA, and genetic variations in the ER-α gene may be involved in OA

Valorisation of Biowastes for the Production of Green Materials Using Chemical Methods

With crude oil reserves dwindling, the hunt for a sustainable alternative feedstock for fuels and materials for our society continues to expand. The biorefinery concept has enjoyed both a surge in popularity and also vocal opposition to the idea of diverting food-grade land and crops for this purpose. The idea of using the inevitable wastes arising from biomass processing, particularly farming and food production, is, therefore, gaining more attention as the feedstock for the biorefinery. For the three main components of biomass—carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins—there are long-established processes for using some of these by-products. However, the recent advances in chemical technologies are expanding both the feedstocks available for processing and the products that be obtained. Herein, this review presents some of the more recent developments in processing these molecules for green materials, as well as case studies that bring these technologies and materials together into final products for applied usage

Effects of Various Environmental Conditions on the Growth of Amaranthus patulus Bertol. and Changes of Herbicide Efficacy Caused by Increasing Temperatures

Understanding the effects of climate change on weed growth and herbicide activity is important for optimizing herbicide applications for effective weed control in the future. Therefore, this study examined how climate change affects the growth of Amaranthus patulus and the efficacy of soil and foliar herbicides at different temperatures. Although the control values for A. patulus differed between herbicides and temperature, the control values increased with increasing time after the herbicide treatments. Under growth conditions in which the temperature remained constant, the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, ethalfluralin, metolachlor, linuron, and alachlor, on A. patulus was highest when the weeds were grown at high temperature. In particular, 100% control values of A. patulus were achieved in response to metolachlor treatments at the total recommended dosage in growth chambers at 35 °C. The efficacy of foliar herbicides, glufosinate-ammonium, bentazone, and mecoprop, on A. patulus was also highest when the plant was grown at high temperature, except for glyphosate isopropylamine, which had similar efficacy rates regardless of the temperature. A. patulus was 100% controlled in response to glufosinate-ammonium, bentazone, and mecoprop at the recommended dosages in growth chambers at 30 and 35 °C. Under growth conditions in which the temperature changed from day to night, the efficacy of soil-applied herbicides, alachlor and linuron, on A. patulus was highest when the weeds were grown at high temperature. On the other hand, the efficacy of the soil-applied herbicides metolachlor and linuron on A. patulus was similar regardless of the temperature. The efficacy of foliar herbicides, glyphosate isopropylamine, glufosinate-ammonium, bentazone, and mecoprop, on A. patulus was highest when the weeds were grown at high temperature. Although herbicide efficacy varied depending on whether the weeds were grown at constant or alternating temperatures, herbicide efficacy was generally highest when the temperature was high

Studies on the Synthesis of Heat-resistant Polyesterimides

Pyromellitic dianhydride(PDA)??? 4-aminophenol(AMP)??? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? phenolic OH?????? ?????? bisphenolbisimide??? ???????????? ???????????????. ????????? bisphenolbisimide ???????????? terephthaloyl chloride ?????? aliphatic acid dichloride??? ???????????? polyesterimide?????? ?????????. ??????????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????????? polyesterimide?????? FT-IR, NMR??? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????????? DSC ??? TGA??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? Tm=401???, ????????????????????? 500??? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????????.clos

Outcome after emergency surgery in gastric cancer patients with free perforation or severe bleeding

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcome of perforated or bleeding gastric cancer patients. METHODS: Twenty-six gastric cancer patients undergoing emergency surgery for free perforation (n = 13) or severe bleeding (n = 13) were reviewed. RESULTS: In the perforation group, tumors were mainly located in the greater curvature and anterior wall, but in the bleeding group, they were mainly in the lesser curvature. Three (23%) patients in the perforation group and 7 (54%) in the bleeding group received potentially curative resections (p = 0.11). The postoperative morbidity rate and mortality rate were 31 (8/26) and 8% (2/26), respectively. Median survival time after operation was 5.5 months. One patient in the perforation group and 3 patients in the bleeding group who underwent curative resection survived more than 30 months without recurrence. Three factors were found to be associated with improved survival after emergency surgery: potentially curative resection; TNM stage, and the absence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Emergency surgery for gastric cancer patients with perforation or severe bleeding is associated with a low curative resection rate and a high postoperative complication rate. However, long-term survival can be expected in those patients who underwent curative resection with earlier stage gastric cancer

Helicobacter pylori Eradication According to Sequencing-Based 23S Ribosomal RNA Point Mutation Associated with Clarithromycin Resistance

Background/Aims: Clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori is associated with point mutations in the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. We investigated the point mutations in the 23S rRNA genes of patients with clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori and compared the H. pylori eradication rates based on the point mutations. Methods: A total of 431 adult patients with H. pylori infection were recruited in Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital in 2017 and 2018. Patients who did not have point mutations related to clarithromycin resistance and/or had clinically insignificant point mutations were treated with PAC (proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, clarithromycin) for seven days, while patients with clinically significant point mutations were treated with PAM (proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin, metronidazole) for seven days. H. pylori eradication rates were compared. Results: Sequencing-based detection of point mutations identified four mutations that were considered clinically significant (A2142G, A2142C, A2143G, A2143C). The clarithromycin resistance rate was 21.3% in the overall group of patients. A2143G was the most clinically significant point mutation (84/431, 19.5%), while T2182C was the most clinically insignificant point mutation (283/431, 65.7%). The overall H. pylori eradication rate was 83.7%, and the seven-day PAM-treated clarithromycin-resistance group showed a significantly lower eradication rate than the seven-day PAC-treated nonresistance group (ITT; 55.4% (51/92) vs. 74.3% (252/339), p = 0.001, PP; 66.2% (51/77) vs. 88.4% (252/285), p = 0.0001). Conclusions: There were significantly lower eradication rates in the patients with clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori when treated with PAM for seven days. A future study comparing treatment regimens in clarithromycin-resistant H. pylori-infected patients may be necessary