On the trace theorem to Volterra-type equations with local or non-local derivatives

This paper considers traces at the initial time for solutions of evolution equations with local or non-local derivatives in vector-valued $A_p$ weighted $L_p$ spaces. To achieve this, we begin by introducing a generalized real interpolation method. Within the framework of generalized interpolation theory, we make use of stochastic process theory and two-weight Hardy's inequality to derive our trace and extension theorems. Our results encompass findings applicable to time-fractional equations with broad temporal weight functions

Characterizations of weighted Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with variable smoothness

In this paper, we study different types of weighted Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces with variable smoothness. The function spaces can be defined by means of the Littlewood-Paley theory in the field of Fourier analysis, while there are other norms arising in the theory of partial differential equations such as Sobolev-Slobodeckij spaces. It is known that two norms are equivalent when one considers constant regularity function spaces without weights. We show that the equivalence still holds for variable smoothness and weights, which is accomplished by making use of shifted maximal functions, Peetre's maximal functions, and the reverse H\"older inequality. Moreover, we obtain a weighted regularity estimate for time-fractional evolution equations and a generalized Sobolev embedding theorem without weights.Comment: 36 page

Vitamin D serum levels in children with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis

PurposeIn addition to regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone metabolism, vitamin D is known as an immune modulator. Recently, there has been increased worldwide interest in the association between low levels of vitamin D and allergic diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and allergic/vasomotor rhinitis (AR/VR) in children.MethodsThis study included 164 patients. The sample included 59 patients with AR, 42 patients with VR, and 63 controls. Their ages ranged from 0 to 16 years. We examined the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Immunoglobulin E, specific IgE, and eosinophil cationic protein; peripheral blood eosinophil count; and the results of a skin prick test.ResultsSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 19.0±8.5 ng/mL in the AR group, 25.5±10.9 ng/mL in the VR group, and 26.9±10.7 ng/mL in the control group. After adjustment for body mass index and season at the time of blood sampling, vitamin D levels in the AR group were lower than those of the VR group (P=0.003) and control group (P<0.001). Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with Immunoglobulin E levels (r=-0.317, P<0.001). AR patients with food allergy or atopic dermatitis did not have lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D than AR patients without these diseases.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a possible relationship between vitamin D levels and allergic rhinitis in Korean children

Synthesis of VO_2 Nanowire and Observation of the Metal-Insulator Transition

We have fabricated crystalline nanowires of VO_2 using a new synthetic method. A nanowire synthesized at 650^oC shows the semiconducting behavior and a nanowire at 670^oC exhibits the first-order metal-insulator transition which is not the one-dimensional property. The temperature coefficient of resistance in the semiconducting nanowire is 7.06 %/K at 300 K, which is higher than that of commercial bolometer.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, This was presented in NANOMAT 2006 "International workshop on nanostructed materials" on June 21-23th of 2006 in Antalya/TURKE

The involvement of GSK3β for glycogen synthesis throughout the annual cycle of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Magallana gigas)

Crassostrea gigas is a frequently studied species in understanding physiological processes in bivalves. Similar to other animals, oysters store glucose in the body as glycogen. Glycogen is known to supply energy for germ cell development and maintenance. Glycogen is synthesized by glycogen synthase. GSK3β regulates glycogen synthase activity and plays an important role in glycogen synthesis. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of GSK3β on the annual cycle of oysters and the glycogen synthesis pathway and to investigate the energy pathway in comparison with seasonal variation. Oysters were sampled monthly for one year and were subjected to glycogen content, RT-PCR, FISH, and western blot analysis. The year-round glycogen content significantly differs only in the mantle edge during spring and summer of both sexes but not in labial palp, digestive gland, gonad, and adductor muscle. The expression of GSK3β mRNA level was highest in October for females and April for males. Both sexes had the lowest expression in July. In the adductor muscle, females and males showed the highest expression in April and the lowest in July and October. The pattern of GSK3β expression in gonads and adductor muscle was similarly confirmed through FISH. As a result of examining the signaling system, p-GSK3β (serine 9) increased. At the same time, glycogen synthase decreased in May when the condition index was the highest, p-GSK3β decreased in October and July when spawning occurred, and glycogen synthase increased. Overall, it is thought that p-GSK3β expression is high in C. gigas at ripe, which inhibits glycogen synthesis and is used as energy for growth and maturation. Glycogen synthesis occurs for energy storage during degeneration

Sleeping time is associated with functional limitations in a national sample of older Americans

Background: Engaging in healthy behaviors may help to preserve function during aging; however, it is not well understood how sleeping time is associated with functional capacity in older adults. Aims: We sought to determine the association of sleeping time on functional limitation in a national sample of older Americans. Methods: The analytical sample included 6,020 adults aged at least 65 years who participated in the 2007-2016 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Respondents indicated their hours of sleep/week night and were categorized as \u3c5, 5-6.5, 7-8, 8.5-9, and \u3e9 hours of sleep/week night. Ability to complete 19 functional tasks including basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, leisure and social activities, lower extremity mobility activities, and general physical activities were also self-reported. A covariate-adjusted logistic model analyzed the associations between each sleeping time category and functional limitation. Results: Relative to those reporting 7-8 hours of sleep/week night, older Americans reporting \u3c5, 5-6.5, 8.5-9, and \u3e9 hours of sleep/week night had 2.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 3.21), 1.25 (CI: 1.02, 1.53), 1.60 (CI: 1.21, 2.12), and 3.21 (CI: 2.12, 4.87) greater odds for functional limitation, respectively. Discussion: Sleep should be recognized as a health factor that may reflect functional capacity in older adults. Healthcare providers should discuss the importance of optimal sleep with their older patients and older adults should practice healthy sleeping behaviors for preserving function. Conclusions: Not meeting optimal sleep recommendations is associated with functional limitations in older Americans

Remifentanil Prevents Withdrawal Movements Caused by Intravenous Injection of Rocuronium

PURPOSE: The incidence of pain induced withdrawal movement following intravenous injection of rocuronium is high. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of remifentanil on the withdrawal movements due to intravenous injection of rocuronium during anesthetic induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety adult female patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to three groups. Each patient intravenously received one of three solutions of equal volume (4 mL): normal saline (Group I, n=30), 0.5 microg/kg remifentanil (Group II, n=30) or 1 microg/kg remifentanil (Group III, n=30). Thirty seconds after remifentanil administration, anesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg IV thiopental. Twenty seconds after thiopental injection, 0.6 mg/kg IV rocuronium was administered (injection rate of 0.5 mL/sec) and patients' withdrawal movements were assessed. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were assessed on arrival in the operation room, before the tracheal intubation and immediately, 1 and 2 min after the tracheal intubation. RESULTS: The incidence of withdrawal movements was significantly lower in both of the remifentanil groups (3 and 0% in Group II and III, respectively) than in the saline group (70%). Remifentanil attenuated the increase of heart rate and MAP immediately and 1 min after the tracheal intubation. CONCLUSION: The pretreatment with 0.5 and 1.0 microg/kg remifentanil of bolus doses prevented the withdrawal movements caused by rocuronium injection, and effectively blunted cardiovascular activation following tracheal intubationope