EVALUATION OF HEAVY METALS AROUND THE MINING OF DECORATIVE STONE ORE IN SUSONG COUNTY LIAOHE RIVER

In order to study the pollution of heavy metals around Liaohe Fender stone mine in Susong County, the soils at six points and the sediment at four points were selected. The effects of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr , Ni ,Hg and As were measured, the single factor index and the Nemero index method were used to evaluate the heavy metal elements in soil and sediment. The results showed that the values of heavy metal elements in the soil and sediment were less than 1 and the Pintegrated values were less than 0.85,the mine area was not polluted by heavy metals and belonged to the clean area within the grade Ⅰ

Immune mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases

The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with unusual changes in the human gut microbiota, most commonly coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Immune mechanisms maintain a dynamic balance between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. When one side changes and the balance is disrupted, different degrees of damage are inflicted on the host and a diseased state gradually develops over time. This review summarizes the immune mechanism of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence of common CVDs, discusses the relationship between gut-heart axis dysfunction and the progression of CVD, and lists the currently effective methods of regulating the gut microbiota for the treatment of CVDs

Mitochondria as novel mediators linking gut microbiota to atherosclerosis that is ameliorated by herbal medicine: A review

Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by endothelial damage, lipid deposition, and chronic inflammation. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AS by regulating host metabolism and immunity. As human mitochondria evolved from primordial bacteria have homologous characteristics, they are attacked by microbial pathogens as target organelles, thus contributing to energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondria may be a key mediator of intestinal microbiota disorders and AS aggravation. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, and bile acids, also affect mitochondrial function, including mtDNA mutation, oxidative stress, and mitophagy, promoting low-grade inflammation. This further damages cellular homeostasis and the balance of innate immunity, aggravating AS. Herbal medicines and their monomers can effectively ameliorate the intestinal flora and their metabolites, improve mitochondrial function, and inhibit atherosclerotic plaques. This review focuses on the interaction between gut microbiota and mitochondria in AS and explores a therapeutic strategy for restoring mitochondrial function and intestinal microbiota disorders using herbal medicines, aiming to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of AS

EBV Promotes Human CD8+ NKT Cell Development

The reports on the origin of human CD8+ Vα24+ T-cell receptor (TCR) natural killer T (NKT) cells are controversial. The underlying mechanism that controls human CD4 versus CD8 NKT cell development is not well-characterized. In the present study, we have studied total 177 eligible patients and subjects including 128 healthy latent Epstein-Barr-virus(EBV)-infected subjects, 17 newly-onset acute infectious mononucleosis patients, 16 newly-diagnosed EBV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma patients, and 16 EBV-negative normal control subjects. We have established human-thymus/liver-SCID chimera, reaggregated thymic organ culture, and fetal thymic organ culture. We here show that the average frequency of total and CD8+ NKT cells in PBMCs from 128 healthy latent EBV-infected subjects is significantly higher than in 17 acute EBV infectious mononucleosis patients, 16 EBV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma patients, and 16 EBV-negative normal control subjects. However, the frequency of total and CD8+ NKT cells is remarkably increased in the acute EBV infectious mononucleosis patients at year 1 post-onset. EBV-challenge promotes CD8+ NKT cell development in the thymus of human-thymus/liver-SCID chimeras. The frequency of total (3% of thymic cells) and CD8+ NKT cells (∼25% of NKT cells) is significantly increased in EBV-challenged chimeras, compared to those in the unchallenged chimeras (<0.01% of thymic cells, CD8+ NKT cells undetectable, respectively). The EBV-induced increase in thymic NKT cells is also reflected in the periphery, where there is an increase in total and CD8+ NKT cells in liver and peripheral blood in EBV-challenged chimeras. EBV-induced thymic CD8+ NKT cells display an activated memory phenotype (CD69+CD45ROhiCD161+CD62Llo). After EBV-challenge, a proportion of NKT precursors diverges from DP thymocytes, develops and differentiates into mature CD8+ NKT cells in thymus in EBV-challenged human-thymus/liver-SCID chimeras or reaggregated thymic organ cultures. Thymic antigen-presenting EBV-infected dendritic cells are required for this process. IL-7, produced mainly by thymic dendritic cells, is a major and essential factor for CD8+ NKT cell differentiation in EBV-challenged human-thymus/liver-SCID chimeras and fetal thymic organ cultures. Additionally, these EBV-induced CD8+ NKT cells produce remarkably more perforin than that in counterpart CD4+ NKT cells, and predominately express CD8αα homodimer in their co-receptor. Thus, upon interaction with certain viruses, CD8 lineage-specific NKT cells are developed, differentiated and matured intrathymically, a finding with potential therapeutic importance against viral infections and tumors

Determination of Permeability under Non-Steady State

Permeability is an important parameter in drug formulation and pharmacokinetics modeling. It is usually determined under Dirichlet boundary condition after reaching steady state. The traditional assay is time consuming

Determination of Permeability under Non-Steady State

Permeability is an important parameter in drug formulation and pharmacokinetics modeling. It is usually determined under Dirichlet boundary condition after reaching steady state. The traditional assay is time consuming

Screening of SSR Markers and Cluster Analysis in 50 Cucumber Core Germplasms

【Objective】This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of 50 cucumber core germplasm resources from all over the countryto provide a basis and reference for cucumber breeding.【Method】In this study, 66 pairs of SSR primers were designed to screen 50 cucumber materials for molecular markers and cluster analyses of genetic diversity.【Result】50 cucumber core germplasms tested showed diversity in rind color, papilloma, and fruit stripe. The results showed that 32 of the 66 primer pairs were effective to amplify clear and stable polymorphic markers among different cucumber core germplasms, and the 32 pairs of SSR primers amplified a total of 280 allelic fragments, of which 216 were polymorphic, accounting for 77.1% of the total fragments. It indicated that 32 pairs of SSR primers screened have high genetic polymorphism and are suitable for genetic diversity analysis of cucumber germplasm materials. The clustering results were consistent with the results of the investigated germplasm resources. The lowest genetic similarity coefficient of 50 cucumber core germplasms was 0.62, and the highest was 1.00. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.754, 50 cucumber germplasm materials were clustered into 7 groups, that is, 9 South China type materials were clustered into 6 groups: Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, of which Ⅳ included one intermediate material and No.9 South China type material. 40 North China cucumber materials were clustered into one class: class Ⅱ. This indicated that the similarity coefficient between North China type cucumber materials and South China type cucumber materials was low and the genetic relationship was far. The cucumber materials of North China type had high similarity coefficient, close genetic relationship, narrow genetic background and poor genetic diversity. The similarity coefficient between the South China cucumber materials is low, the genetic relationship is far, the genetic background is wide, and the genetic diversity is rich.【Conclusion】32 pairs of SSR primers were screened out, which could effectively cluster the 50 cucumber core germplasm materials. The 50 cucumber materials at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.754 were clustered into 7 groups, and the results were consistent with the results of trait investigation. In addition, the genetic background of North China cucumber is narrow with poor genetic diversity. The genetic background of South China cucumber is relatively wide with rich genetic diversity

Purity and Authenticity Identification of 'Yuexiu No.3' Cucumber Hybrid Seeds Based on SSR Molecular Markers

【Objective】'Yuexiu No.3' cucumber is a variety that is widely promoted in the South China region due to its strong growth, high yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance. This study aims to establishing a rapid, accurate and effective method for seed purity identification.【Method】200 pairs of primers were used to select SSR markers with specificity based on the principle of complementary band pattern between the parents and 'Yuexiu No.3'. The seed purity identification results obtained using these primers were compared with the field biological identification results to verify their accuracy. The seeds of five cucumber varieties 'Zhongnong 108', 'Yuanfeng No.6', 'Jinlv No.5', 'Zhongnong No.8' and 'Jinyan No.4' and other 49 cucumber germplasm materials were selected and detected simultaneously with ' Yuexiu 3 ' cucumber varieties to identify the specificity of the selected SSR primers.【Result】Two pairs of SSR primers (3B-10 and 2B-41) were screened out from 200 pairs of primers that met the requirement of forming complementary bands between parental bands, PCR amplification using the 3B-10 primer produced a 160 bp maternal-specific band (P1-A) and a 190 bp paternal-specific band (P2-B). By comparing the sequencing results of the specific bands (P1-A, P2-B), it was found that the P2-B had an additional 6-base simple repeat sequence compared to the P1-A at positions 49-79 bp. PCR amplification using the 2B-41 primer produced a 218 bp maternal-specific band (P1-C) and a 206 bp paternal-specific band (P2-D). By comparing the sequencing results of the specific bands(P1-C, P2-D), it was found that the P1-C had a deletion of 12 bases compared to the P2-D at positions 120-131 bp. The results showed that these two pairs of SSR primers were able to effectively distinguish 'Yuexiu No.3' hybrid seeds from their parents and accurately identify the seed purity of 'Yuexiu No.3' cucumbers. In addition, the seed purity identification results of the two pairs of SSR primers were consistent with the field biological identification results. Both pairs of primers were capable of effectively distinguishing the 'Yuexiu No.3' cucumber seeds from the seeds of five other cucumber varieties, namely 'Zhongnong 108', 'Yuanfeng No.6', 'Jinlv No.5', 'Zhongnong No.8'and 'Jinyan No.4', as well as 49 other germplasm resources. However, among these 49 germplasm resources, 3B-10 displayed a higher level of polymorphism. Therefore, SSR marker 2B-41 was more suitable for confirming the authenticity of the 'Yuexiu No.3' cucumber variety.【Conclusion】The 3B-10 and 2B-41 pairs of SSR primers can rapidly, accurately and efficiently identify the purity of 'Yuexiu No.3' hybrid cucumber seeds. The identification is simple and low cost, which can replace the traditional method of hybrid seed purity identification, and has high commercial application value