The microwave spectrum and structure of the methanol⋅SO2 complex

The rotational spectra of nine isotopomers of the methanol⋅sulfur dioxide van der Waals complex were observed with a pulsed molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Each rotational transition is split into an A‐state (m=0) and an E‐state (m=±1) transition due to methyl top internal rotation effects. The A and E transitions show an additional inversion splitting ranging from a MHz to a few tens of MHz in seven of the isotopomers. The inversion splitting is absent in the two S16O18O isotopomers. The center frequencies of the inversion doublets were used in a simultaneous fit of both the A‐ and E‐state transitions, producing rotational constants which allowed a complete determination of the structure of the complex. Analysis of the moments of inertia indicate that the complex has a stacked structure. The center of mass distance between the two monomers is 3.08(5) Å. The effective torsional barrier height is V3=128.6(1) cm−1 based on the assumption that the methyl group rotates against a heavy frame. The dipole moment is μT=1.94(3) D. The inversion motion is discussed based on effects on the splitting associated with isotopic substitution and the transition dipole direction. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71010/2/JCPSA6-103-15-6440-1.pd

Distinct roles of NMB and GRP in itch transmission

A key question in our understanding of itch coding mechanisms is whether itch is relayed by dedicated molecular and neuronal pathways. Previous studies suggested that gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is an itch-specific neurotransmitter. Neuromedin B (NMB) is a mammalian member of the bombesin family of peptides closely related to GRP, but its role in itch is unclear. Here, we show that itch deficits in mice lacking NMB or GRP are non-redundant and Nmb/Grp double KO (DKO) mice displayed additive deficits. Furthermore, both Nmb/Grp and Nmbr/Grpr DKO mice responded normally to a wide array of noxious stimuli. Ablation of NMBR neurons partially attenuated peripherally induced itch without compromising nociceptive processing. Importantly, electrophysiological studies suggested that GRPR neurons receive glutamatergic input from NMBR neurons. Thus, we propose that NMB and GRP may transmit discrete itch information and NMBR neurons are an integral part of neural circuits for itch in the spinal cord

Parallel compressive super-resolution imaging with wide field-of-view based on physics enhanced network

Achieving both high-performance and wide field-of-view (FOV) super-resolution imaging has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. However, such goal suffers from long reconstruction time and huge storage space. Parallel compressive imaging (PCI) provides an efficient solution, but the super-resolution quality and imaging speed are strongly dependent on precise optical transfer function (OTF), modulation masks and reconstruction algorithm. In this work, we propose a wide FOV parallel compressive super-resolution imaging approach based on physics enhanced network. By training the network with the prior OTF of an arbitrary 128x128-pixel region and fine-tuning the network with other OTFs within rest regions of FOV, we realize both mask optimization and super-resolution imaging with up to 1020x1500 wide FOV. Numerical simulations and practical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach. We achieve high-quality reconstruction with 4x4 times super-resolution enhancement using only three designed masks to reach real-time imaging speed. The proposed approach promotes the technology of rapid imaging for super-resolution and wide FOV, ranging from infrared to Terahertz