119 research outputs found
SCUT-FBP5500: A Diverse Benchmark Dataset for Multi-Paradigm Facial Beauty Prediction
Facial beauty prediction (FBP) is a significant visual recognition problem to
make assessment of facial attractiveness that is consistent to human
perception. To tackle this problem, various data-driven models, especially
state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, were introduced, and benchmark
dataset become one of the essential elements to achieve FBP. Previous works
have formulated the recognition of facial beauty as a specific supervised
learning problem of classification, regression or ranking, which indicates that
FBP is intrinsically a computation problem with multiple paradigms. However,
most of FBP benchmark datasets were built under specific computation
constrains, which limits the performance and flexibility of the computational
model trained on the dataset. In this paper, we argue that FBP is a
multi-paradigm computation problem, and propose a new diverse benchmark
dataset, called SCUT-FBP5500, to achieve multi-paradigm facial beauty
prediction. The SCUT-FBP5500 dataset has totally 5500 frontal faces with
diverse properties (male/female, Asian/Caucasian, ages) and diverse labels
(face landmarks, beauty scores within [1,~5], beauty score distribution), which
allows different computational models with different FBP paradigms, such as
appearance-based/shape-based facial beauty classification/regression model for
male/female of Asian/Caucasian. We evaluated the SCUT-FBP5500 dataset for FBP
using different combinations of feature and predictor, and various deep
learning methods. The results indicates the improvement of FBP and the
potential applications based on the SCUT-FBP5500.Comment: 6 pages, 14 figures, conference pape
Active random force promotes diffusion in bacterial cytoplasm
Experiments have found that diffusion in metabolically active cells is much
faster than in dormant cells, especially for large particles. However, the
mechanism of this size-dependent diffusion enhancement in living cells is still
unclear. In this work, we approximate the net effect of metabolic processes as
a white-noise active force and simulate a model system of bacterial cytoplasm
with a highly polydisperse particle size distribution. We find that diffusion
enhancement in active cells relative to dormant cells can be more substantial
for large particles. Our simulations agree quantitatively with the experimental
data of Escherichia coli, suggesting an autocorrelation function of the active
force proportional to the cube of particle radius. We demonstrate that such a
white-noise active force is equivalent to an active force of about 0.57 pN with
random orientation. Our work unveils an emergent simplicity of random processes
inside living cells.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figure
Efficacy and safety of combination of ulinastatin and meglumine cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, and its effect on serum levels of hs-CRP, cTnI and CK
Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of a combination of ulinastatin and meglumine cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and its effect on serum levels of hypersensitive-c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK).Methods: A total of 90 AMI patients admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected and randomized (in a 1:1 ration) into control group and study group. Patients in the two groups received meglumine cAMP, while those in the study group were, in addition, treated with ulinastatin. The two groups were compared with regard to clinical efficacy, cardiac function indices, serum biochemical indices, incidence of drug-related side effects, duration and number of episodes of angina pectoris, and levels of neuroendocrine hormones.Results: The study group exhibited remarkably higher treatment effectiveness and cardiac function indices compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, lower levels of serum biochemical indices, lower total incidence of drug toxicity, smaller number and shorter duration of angina pectoris, and lower levels of panel reactive antibodies (PRA) were observed in the study when compared to control group (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Treatment of AMI patients with the combination of ulinastatin and meglumine cAMP significantly reduces the clinical symptoms of the patients, with remarkable efficacy and high safety. Furthermore, it down-regulates serum levels of hs-CRP, cTnI and CK. Thus, the combination treatment seems superior to the conventional therapy
Rethinking Causal Relationships Learning in Graph Neural Networks
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) demonstrate their significance by effectively
modeling complex interrelationships within graph-structured data. To enhance
the credibility and robustness of GNNs, it becomes exceptionally crucial to
bolster their ability to capture causal relationships. However, despite recent
advancements that have indeed strengthened GNNs from a causal learning
perspective, conducting an in-depth analysis specifically targeting the causal
modeling prowess of GNNs remains an unresolved issue. In order to
comprehensively analyze various GNN models from a causal learning perspective,
we constructed an artificially synthesized dataset with known and controllable
causal relationships between data and labels. The rationality of the generated
data is further ensured through theoretical foundations. Drawing insights from
analyses conducted using our dataset, we introduce a lightweight and highly
adaptable GNN module designed to strengthen GNNs' causal learning capabilities
across a diverse range of tasks. Through a series of experiments conducted on
both synthetic datasets and other real-world datasets, we empirically validate
the effectiveness of the proposed module
A critical review of cyber-physical security for building automation systems
Modern Building Automation Systems (BASs), as the brain that enables the
smartness of a smart building, often require increased connectivity both among
system components as well as with outside entities, such as optimized
automation via outsourced cloud analytics and increased building-grid
integrations. However, increased connectivity and accessibility come with
increased cyber security threats. BASs were historically developed as closed
environments with limited cyber-security considerations. As a result, BASs in
many buildings are vulnerable to cyber-attacks that may cause adverse
consequences, such as occupant discomfort, excessive energy usage, and
unexpected equipment downtime. Therefore, there is a strong need to advance the
state-of-the-art in cyber-physical security for BASs and provide practical
solutions for attack mitigation in buildings. However, an inclusive and
systematic review of BAS vulnerabilities, potential cyber-attacks with impact
assessment, detection & defense approaches, and cyber-secure resilient control
strategies is currently lacking in the literature. This review paper fills the
gap by providing a comprehensive up-to-date review of cyber-physical security
for BASs at three levels in commercial buildings: management level, automation
level, and field level. The general BASs vulnerabilities and protocol-specific
vulnerabilities for the four dominant BAS protocols are reviewed, followed by a
discussion on four attack targets and seven potential attack scenarios. The
impact of cyber-attacks on BASs is summarized as signal corruption, signal
delaying, and signal blocking. The typical cyber-attack detection and defense
approaches are identified at the three levels. Cyber-secure resilient control
strategies for BASs under attack are categorized into passive and active
resilient control schemes. Open challenges and future opportunities are finally
discussed.Comment: 38 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables, submitted to Annual Reviews in Contro
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