A Japanese-Chinese Contrastive Study of Fictive Motion Sentences in Modern Chinese Language Education-related Textbooks

会議名: 言語資源ワークショップ2023, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2023年8月28日-29日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 言語資源開発センター日清貿易研究所や東亜同文書院で教科書として用いられていたとされる明治36（1903）年に出版された『華語跬歩』とその日本語訳である『華語跬歩総訳』（明治37年出版）を調査資料に「問答」という場面による会話文から抽出した中国語文478例、日本語文466例を分析対象に、同じ出来事における日中両言語の主体移動に関する表現や表現パターンを考察し、当時の主体移動表現の表現習慣として同じ事象を表現するに際し中国語の方が、移動動詞を選択する傾向が強いことと、会話文において経路関連要素である中国語の前置詞は日本語の後置詞ほど必要性が高くないことと、日本語における単独主動詞の使用は圧倒的であること及び、日中両言語ともに会話文において様態情報の必要性が非常に低いことが観察できた。application/pdf國學院大學大学院Graduate School of Literature, Kokugakuin Universityconference pape

Electroacupuncture ameliorates inflammatory response induced by retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and protects the retina through the DOR-BDNF/Trkb pathway

Objectives: Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is the common pathological basis of many ophthalmic diseases in the later stages, and inflammation is the primary damage mechanism of RIRI. Our study aimed to assess whether electroacupuncture (EA) has a protective effect against RIRI and to elucidate its related mechanisms.Methods: A high-intraocular pressure (HIOP) model was used to simulate RIRI in Wistar rats. EA was applied to the EA1 group [Jingming (BL1) + Shuigou (GV26)] and the EA2 group [Jingming (BL1) + Hegu (LI4)] respectively for 30 min starting immediately after the onset of reperfusion and repeated (30 min/time) at 12 h and then every 24 h until days 7 after reperfusion. The pathological changes in the retina were observed by H and E staining after HIOP. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was utilized to observe retinal cell apoptosis. The mRNA expression of IL1-β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, δ-opioid receptor (DOR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) in the retina was measured by quantitative real-time PCR.Results: HIOP caused structural disorders of the retina, decreased RGCs, and increased retinal cell apoptosis. At 1 and 3 days of RIRI, retinal apoptotic cells in the EA group were significantly reduced, while there was no distinct difference in the EA group compared with the HIOP group at 7 days of RIRI. Compared with that in the HIOP group, the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, DOR and TrkB was increased, and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors was decreased in the EA group. In contrast, HIOP had no appreciable effect on BDNF expression.Conclusion: EA at Jingming (BL1) and Shuigou (GV26) or at Jingming (BL1) and Hegu (LI4) may inhibit RIRI induced inflammation through activating the DOR-BDNF/TrkB pathway to protect the retina, especially the pair of Jingming (BL1) and Shuigou (GV26) has better inhibitory effects on inflammation

TIGIT Is the Central Player in T-Cell Suppression Associated With CAR T-Cell Relapse in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy using brexucabtagene autoleucel (BA) induces remission in many patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and BA is the only CAR T-cell therapy approved by the FDA for MCL. However, development of relapses to BA is recognized with poor patient outcomes. Multiple CAR T-cell therapies have been approved for other lymphomas and the resistance mechanisms have been investigated. However, the mechanisms underlying BA relapse in MCL have not been investigated and whether any previously reported resistance mechanisms apply to BA-relapsed patients with MCL is unknown. METHODS: To interrogate BA resistance mechanisms in MCL, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on 39 longitudinally collected samples from 15 BA-treated patients, and multiplex cytokine profiling on 80 serial samples from 20 patients. RESULTS: We demonstrate that after BA relapse, the proportion of T cells, especially cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), decreased among non-tumor cells, while the proportion of myeloid cells correspondingly increased. TIGIT, LAG3, and CD96 were the predominant checkpoint molecules expressed on exhausted T cells and CTLs; only TIGIT was significantly increased after relapse. CTLs expanded during remission, and then contracted during relapse with upregulated TIGIT expression. Tumor cells also acquired TIGIT expression after relapse, leading to the enhanced interaction of tumor cell TIGIT with monocyte CD155/PVR. In myeloid cells, post-relapse HLA-II expression was reduced relative to pretreatment and during remission. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were enriched after relapse with elevated expression of activation markers, including CLU (clusterin) and VCAN (versican). Extracellular chemokines (CCL4, CXCL9, CXCL13), soluble checkpoint inhibitors (sPD-L1, sTIM3, s4-1BB), and soluble receptors (sIL-2R, sTNFRII) were decreased during remission but elevated after relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that multiple tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors are associated with T-cell suppression and BA relapse. Among these, TIGIT appears to be the central player given its elevated expression after BA relapse in not only CTLs but also MCL cells. The acquisition of TIGIT expression on tumor cells is MCL-specific and has not been reported in other CAR T-treated diseases. Together, our data suggest that co-targeting TIGIT may prevent CAR T relapses and thus promote long-term progression-free survival in MCL patients

近代中国語関係書における主体移動表現の日中対照研究

会議名: 言語資源ワークショップ2023, 開催地: オンライン, 会期: 2023年8月28日-29日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 言語資源開発センター日清貿易研究所や東亜同文書院で教科書として用いられていたとされる明治36（1903）年に出版された『華語跬歩』とその日本語訳である『華語跬歩総訳』（明治37年出版）を調査資料に「問答」という場面による会話文から抽出した中国語文478例、日本語文466例を分析対象に、同じ出来事における日中両言語の主体移動に関する表現や表現パターンを考察し、当時の主体移動表現の表現習慣として同じ事象を表現するに際し中国語の方が、移動動詞を選択する傾向が強いことと、会話文において経路関連要素である中国語の前置詞は日本語の後置詞ほど必要性が高くないことと、日本語における単独主動詞の使用は圧倒的であること及び、日中両言語ともに会話文において様態情報の必要性が非常に低いことが観察できた。application/pdf國學院大學大学院Graduate School of Literature, Kokugakuin Universit

The Age-Associated Decline of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Plays a Critical Role in the Inhibition of Liver Regeneration▿

Aging reduces the regenerative capacities of many tissues. In this paper, we show a critical role of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-cyclin D3 pathway in the loss of the regenerative capacity of the liver. In young animals, high levels of growth hormone (GH) increase expression of GSK3β, which associates with cyclin D3 and triggers degradation of cyclin D3. In livers of old mice, the GSK3β promoter is repressed by C/EBPβ-histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) complexes, leading to the reduction of GSK3β. The treatment of old mice with GH increases expression of GSK3β via removal of the C/EBPβ-HDAC1 complexes from the GSK3β promoter. We found that the GSK3β-cyclin D3 pathway is also altered in young GH-deficient Little mice and that treatment of Little mice with GH corrects the GSK3β-cyclin D3 pathway. We present evidence that GSK3β regulates liver proliferation by controlling growth-inhibitory activity of C/EBPα. The downregulation of GSK3β in young mice inhibits liver proliferation after partial hepatectomy via the cyclin D3-C/EBPα pathway, while the elevation of GSK3β in old mice accelerates liver proliferation. Thus, this paper shows that GSK3β is a critical regulator of liver proliferation and that the reduction of GSK3β with age causes the loss of regenerative capacities of the liver