Productivité du travail et "Labour Hoarding"

Cet exposé s'attarde à expliquer les mouvements dans la productivité du travail. Le but de cet ouvrage est de tester les résultats théoriques de Horning (1994). Celui-ci propose des mouvements procycliques du "labour hoarding" comme solution aux problèmes encourus par les modèles des cycles réels. Comme il est démontré ici, cette corrélation positive entre le "labour hoarding" et le cycle économique fait en sorte que la productivité est plus volatile que les statistiques habituelles peuvent laisser croire. This paper try to explain labour productivity fluctuations. We test empirically the proposition made by Horning (1994) that procyclical movements in labour hoarding can explained the puzzle raised by the apparent low volatility of labour productivity. This is because with a positive correlation between labour hoarding and the business cycle, the productivity is more volatile than the empirical facts habitually show.Labour hoarding, productivité du travail, demande de travail, élasticités de demande de travail de court terme, élasticité de demande de travail de long terme, procyclicité de la productivité, volatilité de la productivité

The Impact of Antihypertensive Drugs on the Number and Risk of Death, Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in the United States

Estimating the value of medical innovation is a continual challenge. In this research, we quantify the impact of antihypertensive therapy on U.S. blood pressures, risk and number of heart attacks, strokes, and deaths. We also consider the potential for further improvements. We estimate the value of innovation using equations relating blood pressure to adverse outcomes from the Framingham Heart Study. Our results show that without antihypertensive therapy, 1999-2000 average blood pressure for the U.S. population age 40 plus would have been 10-13 percent higher. 86,000 excess premature deaths from cardiovascular disease (2001), and 833,000 hospital discharges for stroke and heart attacks (2002) would have occurred. Life expectancy would be 0.5 (men) and 0.4 (women) years lower. At guideline care, there would have been 89,000 fewer premature deaths (2001) and 420,000 fewer hospital discharges for stroke and heart attack (2002) than observed. Our analysis suggests that antihypertensive therapy has had a significant impact on cardiovascular health outcomes but that mortality gains would have been approximately twice as high if guideline care had been achieved for all.

No-till cropping systems in Oklahoma

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