El arbitraje internacional y su contribución a la definición y delimitación de los espacios marinos

this note deals with the contribution of the interstate international arbitrations to the definition of the maritime zones and to their delimitation. Thus, it analyses how some significant arbitral awards have contributed to the definition of the territorial sea and its length, the high seas and its principles, the continental shelf and, in addition, the islands’ legal regime. Moreover, the note addresses the main contributions made by the international arbitration to the maritime zones’ delimitation. Finally, it concludes the fruitful interaction and the joint development of this field carried out by the arbitration, the International Court of Justice, and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.esta nota aborda la contribución de los arbitrajes internacionales interestatales, de un lado, a la definición de los espacios marinos y, del otro, a su delimitación. Así, se estudia el modo en que determinados laudos arbitrales especialmente relevantes han coadyuvado a la definición del mar territorial y su anchura, la alta mar y sus principios reguladores, la plataforma continental y, también, al régimen jurídico de las islas. Finalmente, la nota expone las principales aportaciones del arbitraje a la delimitación de los espacios marinos y refleja la interacción y desarrollo conjunto por parte del arbitraje, la Corte Internacional de Justicia y el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

El arbitraje internacional y su contribución a la definición y delimitación de los espacios marinos

this note deals with the contribution of the interstate international arbitrations to the definition of the maritime zones and to their delimitation. Thus, it analyses how some significant arbitral awards have contributed to the definition of the territorial sea and its length, the high seas and its principles, the continental shelf and, in addition, the islands’ legal regime. Moreover, the note addresses the main contributions made by the international arbitration to the maritime zones’ delimitation. Finally, it concludes the fruitful interaction and the joint development of this field carried out by the arbitration, the International Court of Justice, and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.esta nota aborda la contribución de los arbitrajes internacionales interestatales, de un lado, a la definición de los espacios marinos y, del otro, a su delimitación. Así, se estudia el modo en que determinados laudos arbitrales especialmente relevantes han coadyuvado a la definición del mar territorial y su anchura, la alta mar y sus principios reguladores, la plataforma continental y, también, al régimen jurídico de las islas. Finalmente, la nota expone las principales aportaciones del arbitraje a la delimitación de los espacios marinos y refleja la interacción y desarrollo conjunto por parte del arbitraje, la Corte Internacional de Justicia y el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar