10,994 research outputs found
Dark Energy in vector-tensor theories of gravity
We consider a general class of vector-tensor theories of gravity and show
that solutions with accelerated expansion and a future type III singularity are
a common feature in these models. We also show that there are only six
vector-tensor theories with the same small scales behavior as General
Relativity and, in addition, only two of them can be made completely free from
instabilities. Finally, two particular models as candidates for dark energy are
proposed: on one hand, a cosmic vector that allows to alleviate the usual
naturalness and coincidence problems and, on the other hand, the
electromagnetic field is shown to give rise to an effective cosmological
constant on large scales whose value can be explained in terms of inflation at
the electroweak scale.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table. Contribution to the proceedings of Spanish
Relativity Meeting 2009, Bilbao, Spain, 7-11 September 200
A cosmic vector for dark energy
In this work we show that the presence of a vector field on cosmological
scales could explain the present phase of accelerated expansion of the
universe. The proposed theory contains no dimensional parameters nor potential
terms and does not require unnatural initial conditions in the early universe,
thus avoiding the so called cosmic coincidence problem. In addition, it fits
the data from high-redshift supernovae with excellent precision, making
definite predictions for cosmological parameters. Upcoming observations will be
able to clearly discriminate this model from standard cosmology with
cosmological constant.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. New comments and references included.
Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Cosmic magnetic fields and dark energy in extended electromagnetism
We discuss an extended version of electromagnetism in which the usual gauge
fixing term is promoted into a physical contribution that introduces a new
scalar state in the theory. This new state can be generated from vacuum quantum
fluctuations during an inflationary era and, on super-Hubble scales, gives rise
to an effective cosmological constant. The value of such a cosmological
constant coincides with the one inferred from observations as long as inflation
took place at the electroweak scale. On the other hand, the new state also
generates an effective electric charge density on sub-Hubble scales that
produces both vorticity and magnetic fields with coherent lengths as large as
the present Hubble horizon.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of Spanish
Relativity Meeting 2010, Granada, Spain, 6-10 September 201
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Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Among Latinos in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.
Low blood dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels have strong positive associations with stroke and coronary heart disease. However, it is unclear whether DHEAS is independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, we examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and DHEAS concentration among a high-risk population of Latinos (Puerto Ricans aged 45 to 75 years at baseline) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. Of eligible participants, 72% completed baseline interviews and provided blood samples. Complete data were available for 1355 participants. Associations between cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, total cholesterol, high-density lipid cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) and log-transformed DHEAS (μg/dL) were assessed. In robust multivariable regression analyses, DHEAS was significantly inversely associated with age (β = -12.4; 95% CI: -15.2, -9.7; per 5 years), being female (vs. male) (β = -46; 95% CI: -55.3, -36.6), and plasma triglyceride concentration (β = -0.2; 95% CI: -0.3, -0.1; per 10 mg/dL) and was positively associated with total cholesterol and plasma glucose levels (β = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 3 and β = 0.2; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.3, respectively, per 10 mg/dL) after adjustment for smoking, alcohol, and physical activity and for postmenopausal hormone use in women. Estimates were unchanged after adjustment for measures of chronic disease and inflammation. Women exhibited a stronger age-related decline in DHEAS and a positive association with glucose in contrast to findings among men (P interaction < 0.05). In conclusion, in this large study of Latinos with a heavy cardiovascular risk factor burden, we observed significant associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and DHEAS, with variations by sex. These findings improve our understanding of the role DHEAS may play in CVD etiology
Viability of vector-tensor theories of gravity
We present a detailed study of the viability of general vector-tensor
theories of gravity in the presence of an arbitrary temporal background vector
field. We find that there are six different classes of theories which are
indistinguishable from General Relativity by means of local gravity
experiments. We study the propagation speeds of scalar, vector and tensor
perturbations and obtain the conditions for classical stability of those
models. We compute the energy density of the different modes and find the
conditions for the absence of ghosts in the quantum theory. We conclude that
the only theories which can pass all the viability conditions for arbitrary
values of the background vector field are not only those of the pure Maxwell
type, but also Maxwell theories supplemented with a (Lorentz type) gauge fixing
term.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Final version to appear in JCA
Open charm meson in nuclear matter at finite temperature beyond the zero range approximation
The properties of open charm mesons, , , and in
nuclear matter at finite temperature are studied within a self-consistent
coupled-channel approach. The interaction of the low lying pseudoscalar mesons
with the ground state baryons in the charm sector is derived from a -channel
vector-exchange model. The in-medium scattering amplitudes are obtained by
solving the Lippmann-Schwinger equation at finite temperature including Pauli
blocking effects, as well as , , and self-energies
taking their mutual influence into account. We find that the in-medium
properties of the meson are affected by the -meson self-energy through
the intermediate loops coupled to states. Similarly, dressing the
meson in the loops has an influence over the properties of
the meson.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
Contour dynamics model for electric discharges
A contour dynamics model for electrical discharges is obtained and analyzed.
The model is deduced as the asymptotic limit of the minimal streamer model for
the propagation of electric discharges, in the limit of small electron
diffusion. The dispersion relation for a non planar 2-D discharge is
calculated. The development and propagation of finger-like patterns are studied
and their main features quantified.Comment: 4 pages, 2 fi
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