Histochemical staining and GUS assay of transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> lines Ts6P and Ts6P-M₀ in different tissues.

<p>(A) Histochemical staining of seedlings, leaves, flowers, stems and siliques. (B) GUS activities of the tissues from Ts6P and Ts6P-M₀ transgenic plants. A significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05) among the tissues is shown by different letters (a-f).</p

Phenotypes of each line in the presence of NaCl treatment during seed germination and early growth.

<p>(A) Sensitivity to NaCl in the WT, <i>atapx6</i>, and <i>TsApx6</i> transgenic plants during seed germination. Surface-sterilized seeds were sown on MS media contained 0, 50, 100 or 150 mM NaCl, and incubated at 22°C for 7 d under a 16-h light and 8-h dark photoperiod. Size bar = 0.5 cm. (B) Quantification of radicle appearance at 3 d after sowing and cotyledon greening at 7 d after sowing in response to NaCl. Data represent means ± SD from four biological replicates (n = 144).</p

Root growth of all lines in response to different concentrations of NaCl or mannitol.

<p>Surface-sterilized seeds were germinated on full-strength MS medium for 3 d and the seedlings were then moved to fresh MS medium that contained 0, 50 or 100 mM NaCl or 100, 200 or 300 mM mannitol and grown vertically for 10 d. Bars = 0.5 cm. The data represent the means ± SD (n = 45). Means followed by different letters are significantly different at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p

Expression of <i>TsApx6</i> and <i>AtApx6</i> under the salt stress conditions as revealed by qPCR analysis.

<p><i>Thellungiella</i> plants (six-week-old) and <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants (four-week-old) were treated with 300 mM NaCl for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, or 48 h, respectively. Data are shown as the means ± standard deviation (SD) from three replicates.</p

Putative <i>cis</i>-elements present in the promoter sequence of <i>TsApx6</i>.

<p>Putative <i>cis</i>-elements present in the promoter sequence of <i>TsApx6</i>.</p

Estimation of drought stress resistance of the <i>TsApx6</i>-overexpressing plants.

<p>(A) Drought tolerance of the WT, <i>atapx6</i>, <i>atapx6/35S</i>:<i>TsApx6-GFP</i>, <i>35S</i>:<i>TsApx6-GFP</i>, and <i>35S</i>:<i>AtApx6-GFP</i> plants. Plants (four-week-old) were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 20 d, and the survival rates were calculated 3 d after resuming watering. (B) Measurement of leaf water loss rates. Rosette leaves detached from the plants (4-week-old) were weighed at the designated time points after their excision. Water loss was determined as the percentage of the initial fresh weight. The data represent the means ± SD of 180 leaves.</p

Histochemical staining and GUS assay of transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> lines Ts6P and Ts6P-M₀ under different stress conditions.

<p>(A) Histochemical staining of seedlings, leaves and flowers treated with 200 mM NaCl, 300 mM mannitol and 0.1 mM ABA for 10 h, respectively. (B) GUS enzymatic activity quantification of the transgenic tissues treated with different stresses. A significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05) among the tissues is shown by different letters (a-f).</p

Effects of high salinity stress on the MDA, H₂O₂ and proline concentrations and APX, GPX, CAT and SOD activities in plants.

<p>Four-week-old wild-type, <i>atapx6</i> mutant, <i>atapx6/35S</i>:<i>TsApx6-GFP</i> and <i>35S</i>:<i>TsApx6-GFP</i> plants were treated with 300 mM NaCl and the leaves were harvested after 3 d of the treatment. A significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.05) among the genotypes was shown by different letters (a–d). There was no statistic difference among the groups that are not marked with letters. All data were shown as the means ± SD from three biological replicates (n = 30).</p

Fig 7 -

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results A) C7-putative nitroreductase RMSD analysis B) RMSF analysis of Cα atoms C) H-bond estimation during 100 ns simulation D) Radius of gyration (Rg) analysis.</p

Population coverage of MHC-I and MHC-II alleles of the selected epitopes.

Population coverage of MHC-I and MHC-II alleles of the selected epitopes.</p