PLA2G16 Expression in Human Osteosarcoma Is Associated with Pulmonary Metastasis and Poor Prognosis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Osteosarcoma is the most frequent type of malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents and is associated with a high propensity for lung metastasis. Recent experiments have indicated that PLA2G16 contributes to osteosarcoma progression and metastasis in both mouse and human osteosarcoma cell lines. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of PLA2G16 in non-metastatic and metastatic osteosarcomas to determine whether PLA2G16 expression can serve as a biomarker of osteosarcoma prognosis and metastasis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Quantitative real-time PCR was used to examine <i>PLA2G16</i> mRNA in primary osteosarcoma patients (18 patients without metastases and 17 patients with metastases), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of PLA2G16 was performed on tissue microarrays from 119 osteosarcoma patients. Tumor metastatic behavior and survival of the patients were followed up for a minimum of 36 months and a maximum of 171 months. The prognostic value of PLA2G16 expression was evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and a log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify significant independent prognostic factors.</p><p>Results</p><p>Osteosarcoma patients with metastasis showed a higher expression of PLA2G16 at both the mRNA and protein levels (both at P values< 0.05) than did patients without metastasis. Osteosarcoma patients with positive IHC staining of PLA2G16 expression at primary sites had shorter overall survival and metastasis-free survival (both at P values <0.02). Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis identified PLA2G16 expression as an independent prognostic factor to predict poor overall survival and metastasis-free survival (both P values < 0.03).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This study indicated that PLA2G16 expression is a significant prognostic factor in primary osteosarcoma patients for predicting the development of metastases and poor survival.</p></div

Relationship between PLA2G16 and Clinicopathologic Factors of Patients.

<p>Abbreviation: PLA2G16, Group XVI phospholipase A₂.</p><p>Relationship between PLA2G16 and Clinicopathologic Factors of Patients.</p

Additional file 12: of High-density linkage map construction and QTL analysis for earliness-related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L

Distribution of the mapped SNPs on the 26 reference chromosomes. The horizontal line indicates the physical position (Mb) of the 26 chromosomes, and the vertical line indicates the 26 chromosomes from D13 to A1. (TIF 1351 kb

PLA2G16 expression in osteosarcoma tumors with or without metastasis

<p>The PLA2G16 mRNA levels were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. *denote p values P<0.05.</p

Additional file 7: of High-density linkage map construction and QTL analysis for earliness-related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L

QTL and QTL coincidence region distributions on the genetic map. QTLs located in the coincidence regions are marked in blue. (PDF 343 kb

Additional file 13: of High-density linkage map construction and QTL analysis for earliness-related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L

Heat maps of the 26 linkage groups. (PDF 4231 kb

Additional file 1: of High-density linkage map construction and QTL analysis for earliness-related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L

Distribution of the TaqιI enzyme recognition site on the 26 cotton chromosomes. (TIF 1211 kb

Additional file 9: of High-density linkage map construction and QTL analysis for earliness-related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L

Recombinants in the RIL population at locus qFT-D3-3 defining the core region between Marker25957 and Marker25965. CCRI36 is the maternal cultivar; G2005 is the paternal line; b is the homozygous allele conferred by CCRI36; a is the homozygous allele conferred by G2005; and h is heterozygous. (PDF 124 kb

Additional file 3: of High-density linkage map construction and QTL analysis for earliness-related traits in Gossypium hirsutum L

Detailed marker positions and linkage length of the 26 linkage groups. (XLSX 143 kb

Clinicopathologic patient characteristics and univariate survival analysis.

<p>Abbreviation: OS, Overall survival; MFS, Metastasis-free survival; PLA2G16, Group XVI phospholipase A₂.</p><p>Clinicopathologic patient characteristics and univariate survival analysis.</p