La mise en oeuvre de Schengen : la délivrance des visas en Bulgarie

L'année 1989 a marqué la fin de l'interdiction de voyager à l'étranger imposée par le régime communiste des décennies durant aux citoyens bulgares. Depuis, néanmoins, l'obligation de visas pour entrer dans l'espace Schengen (et dans toute l'Union européenne) est progressivement devenue dans la société bulgare une question sensible et potentiellement explosive. En 1996, l'ancien Commissaire européen Hans van den Broek a affirmé que la question des visas ne devrait pas être « dramatisée » sur l..

Demonstrating solidarity? : Cohesion policy and freedom of movement of people in an enlarged European Union

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Country report : Bulgaria

First published in January 2010; Revised April 2010Research for this EUDO Citizenship Observatory Country Report has been jointly supported by the European Commission grant agreement JLS/2007/IP/CA/009 EUCITAC and by the British Academy Research Project CITMODES (both projects co-directed by the EUI and the University of Edinburgh).Revised version: 2013/2

La mise à l'écart des étrangers. (2/2)

The in-depth study of consular instructions and practices reveals certain contradictions. They oscillate between an increasing freedom of movement and Kafkaesque situations generating arbitrary decisions and reinforcing the frustrations of those who are deprived of the right to travel. Indeed, the latter are often considered too poor or part of a group placed under suspicion in the name of the fight against terrorism or migratory risk. This issue shows clearly a new bipolarity between the rich and the unwanted. The analysis of mutual distrust between European states, who are unable to agree on how to manage what they are afraid of, also shows how non-specified enemies are designated among these unwanted. These perceived enemies are no longer limited to States, but also individuals or suspected minorities. Ce second volume présente des contributions sur la politique européenne des visas de cours séjour, sur la mise en oeuvre de Shengen pour la délivrance des visas en Bulgarie, sur les garanties financières exigées pour les demandeurs indiens, sur les refus de délivrance de visas fondés sur une inscription au Système Information Shengen

Shifting up and out: The foreign policy of European immigration control

Traditionally a core aspect of state sovereignty, immigration control has first moved upwards to the intergovernmental sphere. It has then been brought closer to supranational governance, and is now gradually moving outwards towards the realm of EU foreign relations. This article interprets this move as the continuation of established patterns of transgovernmental cooperation in an altered geopolitical and institutional context. It explains internationalisation as a strategy of immigration ministers to increase their autonomy towards political, normative and institutional constraints on policy-making. Whereas these constraints were originally located at the national level, they are now increasingly perceived in communitarising immigration politics. The shift ‘outwards' may thus be interpreted as a strategy to maximise the gains from Europeanisation while minimising the constraints resulting from deepening supranationalism. Yet this might in the long run also yield a widening of the external migration agenda, distracting it from the original focus on migration control