The dbSNP were used to recognize the protein encoded by PARP1 gene (PDB ID: 1uk0) and identified a single mutation residue position.

<p>The Z-score, which indicates overall model quality was -9.51 in (black color). The Z-score plot from the different sources (X-ray, and NMR) was distinguished by various colors (X-ray in pale blue and NMR in dark blue color).</p

Relative PARP1 mRNA expression in different grades of breast cancer.

<p>(Ct values are plotted ±SEM).</p

The crystal structure domain of human recombinant poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP).

<p>(a) Crystal structure domain of the human PARP1 protein structural changes in the regions due to mutation. (b) Wild type structure of PARP1 domain Chain ‘A’ have a point mutation αHelix-5 VAL762 (blue) in a stick representation of the helix region. (c) Mutant type structure of PARP1 domain Chain ‘A’ have a mutation αHelix-5 ALA762 (red) a stick representation of the helix region. (d) Wild and Mutant type structures superimposed of PARP1 domain Chain ‘A’ have wild type residue αHelix-5 VAL762 (red) and mutant residue αHelix-5 ALA762 (blue). Figures (a-d) were made by using CCP4/QTMG.</p

The MD simulation showing truncated octahedron boundary explicit water solvated.

<p>The molecular dynamic simulation used in system calculation are, (a) water box surround the entire protein in middle. The visual inspection also allow to identify the side chain of the histidine residue involved in the hydrogen bonding with surrounding molecules and in that case the δ nitrogen of the histidine (HSB;1-4) was protonated residue.</p

Expression and Polymorphism of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Effect on NF-κB Mediated Inflammation in Colon Cancer Patients

<div><p>Our aim was to evaluate the association between the expression and the polymorphism of TLR4/NF-κB pathways and colon cancer. TLR4 (<i>rs4986790</i>, <i>rs10759932</i>, <i>rs10759931</i> and <i>rs2770150</i>) were genotyped in blood samples from Colorectal patients and healthy controls. TLR4 and cytokines inflammatory expression were evaluated by real time PCR on 40 matching normal and colon tissues and the protein level by Immunohistochemistry. The high level of TLR4 expression in colon cancer tissues is mainly due to infections by bacteria in the human colon and leads to induction of an acute secretion of inflammatory cytokines mediated by NF-κB. Also, we report here a clear evidence for an association between TLR4 <i>rs10759931</i> polymorphism (OR = 0.086, CI: 0.04–0.18, P = <0.00001). This polymorphism affects the entire population without being specific to either gender or to any age group. In contrast, the <i>rs2770150</i> is associated with colon cancer in women aged over 50 years and is closely linked with the decreased levels of female sex hormones during the post-menopausal period (OR = 0.188, CI: 0.074–0.48, P = <0.00084). <i>rs10759932</i> and <i>rs4986790</i> appear to have any association with colon cancer. Our data suggest that TLR4 SNPs could possibly serve as biomarkers for decision making in colon cancer treatment.</p></div

NF-κB expression in colon cancer tissues.

<p>Tissues were immunostained using specific NF-kB antibody (p65) at 1/100 (n = 10).</p

Inflammatory cytokines expression in colon cancer tissues compared to normal matching tissues:

<p>Cytokine production was assessed by qRT-PCR on colonic cancer tissues and matching normal tissues (mean ± SD, n = 40 patients, data normalized to <i>GAPDH</i>, control (open bars), cancer (solid bars), *P<0.00 t-test)</p