Terminology management for an institution : a case study of creating a term base for the embassy of the Republic of Korea in Portugal

This project was inspired by the reinforced diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Portuguese Republic over 60 years. Translation work at the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Portugal has played a significant role in the diplomatic relations as it contributes to effective communication between the two countries, which are different in many ways, from the language to way of thinking. The purpose of the project is to establish a term base in the domain of Korean culture using MS Excel and MemoQ, and to apply the term base in the process of translation at the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in Portugal. This thought stems from my personal experience as a staff member for five years at the embassy. As I translated various documents in the topic of politics, economy, and culture, I noticed that there were a few problems in the process of translation. I chose a case study of building a term base in the domain of Korean culture as the methodology, using a book published by the Embassy as a corpus. At the same time, I conducted a survey to other Korean staff in other embassies to determine whether they also have the same problems related to translation such as inconsistency of terms, repeated research for the same term, and uncertainty of translation. As a result of the survey, all of the respondents answered that, during translation assignments, they had problems such as inconsistent terms, repeated research on the same word, and uncertainty of translation in a specialized field such as law, economy, politics, or culture including history, arts, tradition, food, and music. After establishing a term base in two formats, I evaluated the two formats with a Portuguese staff member at the Embassy. We concluded that the term base made with MS Excel was more convenient for staff members to use and, therefore, adequate in the usage at the Embassy.Este projeto foi inspirado no reforço das relações diplomáticas entre a República da Coreia e a República Portuguesa ao longo dos 60 anos. O trabalho de tradução na Embaixada da República da Coreia em Portugal tem desempenhado um papel significativo nas relações diplomáticas, uma vez que contribui para uma comunicação eficaz entre os dois países, que são diferentes em vários aspetos, da língua à maneira de pensar. O objetivo do projeto é estabelecer uma base de termos no domínio da cultura coreana usando MS Excel e MemoQ, e aplicar a base de termos no processo de tradução na Embaixada da República da Coreia em Portugal. Esse pensamento deriva da minha experiência pessoal como uma funcionária com experiência de cinco anos na embaixada. Ao traduzir vários documentos sobre política, economia e cultura, notei que havia alguns problemas no processo de tradução. Optei por um case study de construção de uma base de termos no domínio da cultura coreana como corpus metodologia, usando um livro publicado pela Embaixada. Ao mesmo tempo, realizei um inquérito escrito com participações dos funcionários coreanos nas outras embaixadas, para determinar se têm os mesmos problemas relacionados com a tradução, tal como inconsistência de termos, pesquisas repetidas para o mesmo termo e incerteza na tradução. Como o resultado da pesquisa, todos os funcionários coreanos responderam que, durante os trabalhos de tradução, tiveram problemas como termos inconsistentes, pesquisas repetidas sobre a mesma palavra e incerteza na tradução num campo especializado, como direito, economia, política e cultura. Depois de estabelecer uma base de termos em dois formatos, avaliei ambos com uma colega portuguesa da Embaixada. Concluímos que a base de termos feita com o MS Excel era mais conveniente para os funcionários e, portanto, adequada para uso na Embaixada

Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Industry: Current Status and Prospects

Pyrolysis is a technology that can produce pyrolysis oil by decomposing waste plastic, and has the advantage of being able to process contaminated waste plastic that is impossible to process with other technologies. In Korea, where the amount of waste plastic is increasing and natural resources such as fossil fuels are lacking, pyrolysis technology is attracting attention under the keyword ‘urban oil field’. The Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea announced a ‘plan to revitalize waste plastic pyrolysis’ to increase the proportion of waste plastic pyrolysis treatment from 0.1% in 2021 to 10% in 2030. The products of pyrolysis are both fuel and plastic raw materials, but the processing consumes significant energy. Therefore, as criticism continues that the marketability and economic feasibility of pyrolysis technology is poor, questions are being raised about its environmental friendliness. Against this background, this study investigated international trends in pyrolysis technology and performed a detailed comparative analysis with other technologies from an environmental perspective. According to the results of this study, currently environmentally advanced countries are very negative about using pyrolysis oil as fuel, and the following policy directions are suggested. 1) In order to comply with the mandatory use ratio of plastic recycled raw materials and at the same time achieve eco-friendliness, it is recommended to use pyrolysis technology as a plastic recycled raw material production technology rather than fuel conversion. 2) Since pyrolysis emits more greenhouse gases than physical recycling, pyrolysis technology is used as a complementary method to physical recycling to process waste plastics that are difficult to physically recycle. 3) Since physical recycling is very important in the resource circulation of waste plastic, the development of separation and sorting technology is promoted nationally

High intake of sweet foods and low life satisfaction can act as risk factors for acute coronary syndrome through synergistic interaction

PurposeDietary and psychological status contributes to the development of coronary artery disease. However, these lifestyle factors may vary depending on ethnic and environmental background, and secondary prevention programs dealing with these factors in a specific population are not well-established. We aimed to assess dietary and psychological characteristics in Korean patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and analyze their interactions as independent risk factors for ACS.MethodsNinety-two patients with ACS (29 acute myocardial infarction and 63 unstable angina) and 69 controls were subjected to dietary and psychological analyses. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Psychological depression and perceived stress were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. Eight domains of life satisfaction (marital/love relationship, leisure, standard of living, job, health, family life, sex life, and self) were assessed using the Domain Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ).ResultsThe ACS group had a higher consumption of sweets and fish/seafood, as well as higher levels of depressive symptoms. Additionally, they had lower DSQ scores in total, and all eight individual domains compared with the control group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, sweet intake (OR 4.57, 95% CI: 1.94–11.40) and total DSQ scores (OR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.81) were identified as independent risk factors for ACS. Furthermore, these factors, which displayed a significant inverse correlation (ρ = −0.23, p = 0.01), were determined as having a synergistic contribution to the development of ACS.ConclusionHigh sweet food intake and low life satisfaction can act as risk factors for ACS through a synergistic interaction, which emphasizes a demand for a more comprehensive approach to secondary prevention of ACS. In addition, these data highlight the role of positive psychological wellbeing factors in cardiovascular health

애기장대에서 FRI 단백질 복합체에 의한 개화 및 꽃기관 형성 조절에 관한 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 생명과학부 생물학전공, 2015. 8. 이일하.Flowering of winter annual Arabidopsis is prevented before winter, but the prolonged winter cold, called vernalization, accelerates flowering of the plants in response to environmental cues next spring. The key regulator of such flowering behavior is FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), which represses flowering but is suppressed by vernalization. The expression of FLC is transcriptionally activated by FRIGIDA-complex (FRI-C) which includes FRIGIDA LIKE1 (FRL1), FRIGIDA ESSENTIAL1 (FES1), FLC EXPRESSOR (FLX) and SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA4 (SUF4). However, it is not known how vernalization affects the activity of FRI-C when FRI-C is not needed any longer. Here we show that the components of FRI-C are affected at neither transcriptional level nor translational level by vernalization. Instead, we show that the FRI-C structure is changed and FLC gene loop is disrupted by? vernalization. Before vernalization, FRI-C forms a large protein complex, ca 1 MDa size but after vernalization, a subcomplex containing SUF4, ca 200kDa size, is dissociated from the large complex. Additionally, we show that fri and suf4 mutant fails to produce FLC gene loop. Taken together, we propose that FRI and SUF4 are required for FLC looping and the disruption of the FLC gene loop caused by SUF4 subcomplex dissociation is a molecular basis of inability to activate FLC after vernalization. Functions of FRI-C for FLC regulation is clearly elucidated, such that FRI-C activates FLC transcription with the general transcription factors and FRI-associated proteins. Among the components of FRI-C, SUF4 binds the promoter of FLC, FES1 and FLX provide the activity of transcriptional activation, and FRI acts as a scaffold protein to recruit not only all the components of FRI-C but also basal transcription factors and chromatin remodeling factors such as SWR1 complex. However, if the components of FRI-C have other function has not been addressed. In this study, we show that SUF4 and FES1, the two components of FRI-C, have functions in the development of flower, especially developing the right number of floral organs. When the tissue specificity of FRI-C were analyzed, we found that the components of FRI-C is highly expressed in flower tissues. Furthermore, flowers of suf4 fes1 double mutants produce extra floral organs, demonstrating that SUF4 and FES1 regulate floral organ number. Consistent with this, the expressions of genes regulating floral organ numbers such as CLAVATA (CLV), PERIANTHIA (PAN), ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) and PETAL LOSS (PTL) were altered in suf4 fes1 double mutants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that SUF4 is enriched at the?promoter region of CLV1, CLV3, PAN, ULT1 and PTL, suggesting that SUF4 directly regulates these genes. Taken together, we propose that the components of FRI-C regulates the number of floral organs by regulating the genes determining floral organ numbers. In this study, we disclose that FRI-C regulates FLC expression by controlling gene loop. We also show that the components of FRI-C regulate floral organ numbers. From these results, we suggest that the FRI-C is a multi-functional protein regulating various developmental processes.ABSTRACT.........................................................................iii CONTENTS.........................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................x LIST OF TABLES...............................................................xi ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................xii 1. Chapter I. FRI complex regulates FLC expression by controlling gene loop...........................................................1 1.1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................1 1.1.1 Vernalization mediated flowering pathway........................................1 1.1.2 The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of FLC.......................2 1.1.3 FLC is regulated by vernalization pathway through epigenetic regulation..........................................................................................3 1.1.4 Vernalization causes changes of FRI complex...................................4 1.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS.....................................6 1.2.1 Plant materials and growth condition................................................6 1.2.2 Development of Transgenic lines......................................................6 1.2.3 RNA extraction and RT-PCR.............................................................7 1.2.4 Immunoblotting assay….......................................................................7 1.2.5 Gel filtration assay…............................................................................7 1.2.6 Co-IP analysis....................................................................................8 1.2.7 Chromatin IP assay.............................................................................8 1.2.8 Chromatin conformation capture assay (3C assay)...........................9 1.3 RESULTS.....................................................................13 1.3.1 myc-FRI transgenic lines show late flowering and strong response to vernalization like winter annual wild type.................13 1.3.2 Levels of the components of FRI complex are not changed vernalization.....................................................................................15 1.3.3 Interaction of FRI and SUF4 is decreased by cold. ......................18 1.3.4 FRI and SUF4 bind FLC promoter and the proximal region to 3UTR.............................................................................................23 1.3.5 FRI and SUF4 affect gene loop formation at FLC..........................26 1.3.6 After vernalization, the changes of FRI complex may lead FLC loop disruption...................................................................................29 1.4 DISCUSSION................................................................31? 2. Chapter II. Components of FRI complex regulate floral organ number.....................................................................38 2.1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................38 2.1.1 Flower development governed by floral organ identity genes.....38 2.1.2 Mutants producing flowers with extra number of floral organs...............................................................................................39 2.1.3 Mutants producing flowers with decreased number of floral organs...............................................................................................40 2.1.4 Components of FRI complex regulate floral organ number...........41 2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS....................................42 2.2.1 Plant materials and growth condition...............................................42 2.2.2 Immunoblotting assay.......................................................................42 2.2.3 RNA extraction and RT-PCR...........................................................43 2.2.4 Chromatin IP assay............................................................................43 2.3 RESULTS.....................................................................46 2.3.1 FRI and SUF4 are highly expressed in flower tissues. .................46 2.3.2 suf4 fes1 double mutants have abnormal numbers of floral organ.................................................................................................49? 2.3.3 The expression of CLV1, ULT1 and PAN are decreased and PTL is increased in flowers of suf4 fes1.................................................53 2.3.4 SUF4 directly binds promoters of CLV1, ULT1, PAN and PTL genes.................................................................................................57 2.4 DISCUSSION................................................................59 REFERENCES....................................................................63 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN...................................................77Maste

Onlay Rib Bone Graft in Elevation of Reconstructed Auricle: 17 Years of Experience

BackgroundA cartilage wedge block and covering flap are standard procedures for firm elevation of the ear in microtia correction. However, using costal cartilage for elevation of the reconstructed auricle can be insufficient, and the fixed cartilage wedge block may be absorbed or may slip out. Furthermore, elevating covering flaps is time-consuming and uses up fascia, a potential source of reconstruction material. Therefore, we propose an innovative method using autologous onlay rib bone graft for auricular elevation of microtia.MethodsFrom February 1995 to August 2012, 77 patients received a first stage operation with a rib cartilage framework graft. In the second stage operation, a small full thickness of rib bone was harvested through the previous donor scar. The bihalved rib bone was inserted into the subperiosteal pocket beneath the cartilage framework.ResultsThe follow-up time ranged from 1 month to 17 years, with a mean of 3 years. All of the patients sustained the elevation of their ears very well during the follow-up period. Donor site problems, except for hypertrophic scars, were not observed. Surgery-related complications, specifically skin necrosis, infection, or hematoma, occurred in 4 cases.ConclusionsOnlay rib bone graft used to elevate the reconstructed auricle is a more anatomically appropriate material than cartilage, due to the bone-to-bone contact between the bone graft and the temporal bone. Postoperative minor correction of the elevation degree is straightforward and the skin graft survives better. Therefore, reconstructed auricle elevation using onlay rib bone graft is a useful and valuable method

Study of the removal difference in indoor particulate matter and volatile organic compounds through the application of plants

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of plants to purify indoor air by observing the effective reduction rate among pollutant types of particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PM and four types of VOCs were measured in a new building that is less than three years old and under three different conditions: before applying the plant, after applying the plant, and a room without a plant. The removal rate of each pollutant type due to the plant was also compared and analyzed. In the case of indoor PM, the removal effect was negligible because of outdoor influence. However, 9% of benzene, 75% of ethylbenzene, 72% of xylene, 75% of styrene, 50% of formaldehyde, 36% of acetaldehyde, 35% of acrolein with acetone, and 85% of toluene were reduced. The purification of indoor air by natural ventilation is meaningless because the ambient PM concentration has recently been high. However, contamination by gaseous materials such as VOCs can effectively be removed through the application of plants

Effect of Floor Openings on Evacuation Efficiency in Multipurpose Commercial Buildings: IFC Mall in Yeouido, Seoul, Korea

To achieve evacuation-optimized design at the architectural planning phase, this study analyzed the effect of floor openings in multipurpose commercial buildings on their evacuation efficiency. Herein, the IFC Mall in Yeouido, Seoul, Korea was considered the study site, because all the factors influencing the evacuation efficiency can be controlled owing to the underground location of all floors. Therefore, all evacuees followed the same evacuation direction. Comprehensively, a spatial analysis methodology (Cellular ECEM) was employed to derive the evacuation costs through the sum of visibility cost and distance cost. Subsequently, the evacuation costs were compared in all cases to review the hindrances in evacuation according to the type and area ratio of the planned floor opening, and several causes of evacuation cost deviations were discussed. Overall, increasing the area of the floor opening deteriorates the evacuation efficiency. The evacuation efficiency increased if the area of the floor opening is appropriately separated and a bridge is constructed in the middle to connect a path. Furthermore, following the longer path around the floor opening to use the main vertical means of circulation, owing to the connection between the atrium and floor opening, is more vulnerable toward evacuation efficiency than other floor opening types

Medial and Lateral Canthal Reconstruction with an Orbicularis Oculi Myocutaneous Island Flap

Background The eyelid and canthal areas are common locations for cutaneous tumors. The medial canthus includes, among many other apparatuses, the canthal tendon and lacrimal canaliculi, and its characteristic thin and supple skin is hard to mimic and restore using tissue from other regions. Accordingly, reconstruction of the canthal area can prove challenging for surgeons. Although various methods, such as skin grafts and local flaps from adjacent regions, have been utilized for reconstructive purposes, they present known disadvantages. However, we were able to successfully reconstruct both lateral and medial canthal area defects by using orbicularis oculi myocutaneous island flaps. Methods Our study included seven patients who underwent medial or lateral canthal region reconstruction, using orbicularis oculi myocutaneous island flaps, between 2011 and 2014, following either cutaneous tumor excision or traumatic avulsion injury. Results Five patients had basal cell carcinoma, one had squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, and one had sustained a traumatic avulsion injury of the eyelid and canthal area. Entire flap loss was not observed in any patient, but one-a heavy smoker-showed partial flap loss, which healed with secondary intention and yielded acceptable results. Donor site morbidity was not observed, and all patients were satisfied with their surgical outcomes. Conclusions The canthal regions can be successfully reconstructed with orbicularis oculi myocutaneous island flaps. These flaps offer several key advantages, including similarity in texture, color, and thickness to the recipient site and a negligible incidence of donor site morbidity