1 research outputs found
Taste Bud-Inspired Single-Drop Multitaste Sensing for Comprehensive Flavor Analysis with Deep Learning Algorithms
The
electronic tongue (E-tongue) system has emerged as a significant innovation,
aiming to replicate the complexity of human taste perception. In spite
of the advancements in E-tongue technologies, two primary challenges
remain to be addressed. First, evaluating the actual taste is complex
due to interactions between taste and substances, such as synergistic
and suppressive effects. Second, ensuring reliable outcomes in dynamic
conditions, particularly when faced with high deviation error data,
presents a significant challenge. The present study introduces a bioinspired
artificial E-tongue system that mimics the gustatory system by integrating
multiple arrays of taste sensors to emulate taste buds in the human
tongue and incorporating a customized deep-learning algorithm for
taste interpretation. The developed E-tongue system is capable of
detecting four distinct tastes in a single drop of dietary compounds,
such as saltiness, sourness, astringency, and sweetness, demonstrating
notable reversibility and selectivity. The taste profiles of six different
wines are obtained by the E-tongue system and demonstrated similarities
in taste trends between the E-tongue system and user reviews from
online, although some disparities still exist. To mitigate these disparities,
a prototype-based classifier with soft voting is devised and implemented
for the artificial E-tongue system. The artificial E-tongue system
achieved a high classification accuracy of ∼95% in distinguishing
among six different wines and ∼90% accuracy even in an environment
where more than 1/3 of the data contained errors. Moreover, by harnessing
the capabilities of deep learning technology, a recommendation system
was demonstrated to enhance the user experience