145 research outputs found
hsa-miR-125a-5p Enhances Invasion Ability in Non-Small Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines
Background and objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by partially binding complementary to target sites in mRNAs. Although some impaired miRNA regulations have been observed in many human cancers, the functions of miR-125a are still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of hsa-miR-125a-5p in NSCLC cell lines and the relationship between hsa-miR-125a-5p and the invasion of lung cancer cells. Methods The expression of hsa-miR-125a-5p and the effectiveness for a given period time after being transfected sense hsa-miR-125a-5p 2’-O-methyl oligonucleotide, which were 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h and 72 h, were examined by realtime PCR. Meanwhile, we investigated the modification of invasive ability in A549 and NCI-H460 cells by transwell. Results Real-time PCR showed that hsa-miR-125a-5p was poorly-expressed in 6 lung cancer cell lines, especially in LH7, NCI-H460, SPC-A-1 and A549. The highest expression of hsa-miR-125a-5p occurred in the cells transfected with sense hsa-miR-125a-5p 2’-O-methyl oligonucleotide 36 h. Furthermore, the invasive abilities of A549 and NCI-H46O were enhanced by up-regulating hsa-miR-125a-5p. Conclusion hsa-miR-125a-5p was poorly-expressed in lung cancer cells and it could enhance lung cancer cell invasion by up-regulating hsa-miR-125a-5p
Interference-Aware Emergent Random Access Protocol for Downlink LEO Satellite Networks
In this article, we propose a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL)
framework to train a multiple access protocol for downlink low earth orbit
(LEO) satellite networks. By improving the existing learned protocol, emergent
random access channel (eRACH), our proposed method, coined centralized and
compressed emergent signaling for eRACH (Ce2RACH), can mitigate inter-satellite
interference by exchanging additional signaling messages jointly learned
through the MADRL training process. Simulations demonstrate that Ce2RACH
achieves up to 36.65% higher network throughput compared to eRACH, while the
cost of signaling messages increase linearly with the number of users.Comment: 2 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; submitted to IEEE for possible
publicatio
Non-synchronization of lattice and carrier temperatures in light-emitting diodes
Pulse implementation or switching-off (PISO) of electrical currents has become a common operation in junction-temperature (Tj) measurements for semiconductor devices since 2004. Here we have experimentally discovered a substantial discrepancy between Tj values with and without, PISO (e.g., 36.8 °C versus 76.5 °C above the ambient temperature at 25.0 °C). Our research indicates that methods associated with PISO are flawed due to non-synchronization of lattice temperatures and carrier temperatures in transient states. To scrutinize this discrepancy, we propose a lattice-inertia thermal anchoring mechanism that (1) explains the cause of this discrepancy, (2) helps to develop a remedy to eliminate this discrepancy by identifying three transient phases, (3) has been applied to establishing an original, accurate and noninvasive technique for light-emitting diodes to measure Tj in the absence of PISO. Our finding may pave the foundation for LED communities to further establish reliable junction-temperature measurements based on the identified mechanism
The Tianlin Mission: a 6m UV/Opt/IR space telescope to explore the habitable worlds and the universe
[Abridged] It is expected that the ongoing and future space-borne planet
survey missions including TESS, PLATO, and Earth 2.0 will detect thousands of
small to medium-sized planets via the transit technique, including over a
hundred habitable terrestrial rocky planets. To conduct a detailed study of
these terrestrial planets, particularly the cool ones with wide orbits, the
exoplanet community has proposed various follow-up missions. The currently
proposed ESA mission ARIEL is capable of characterization of planets down to
warm super-Earths mainly using transmission spectroscopy. The NASA 6m
UV/Opt/NIR mission proposed in the Astro2020 Decadal Survey may further tackle
down to habitable rocky planets, and is expected to launch around 2045. In the
meanwhile, China is funding a concept study of a 6-m class space telescope
named Tianlin (A UV/Opt/NIR Large Aperture Space Telescope) that aims to start
its operation within the next 10-15 years and last for 5+ years. Tianlin will
be primarily aimed to the discovery and characterization of rocky planets in
the habitable zones (HZ) around nearby stars and to search for potential
biosignatures mainly using the direct imaging method. Transmission and emission
spectroscopy at moderate to high resolution will be carried out as well on a
population of exoplanets to strengthen the understanding of the formation and
evolution of exoplanets. It will also carry out in-depth studies of the cosmic
web and early galaxies, and constrain the nature of the dark matter and dark
energy. We describe briefly the primary scientific motivations and main
technical considerations based on our preliminary simulation results. We find
that a monolithic off-axis space telescope with a primary mirror diameter
larger than 6m equipped with a high contrast chronograph can identify water in
the atmosphere of a habitable-zone Earth-like planet around a Sun-like star.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in RAA and is available
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The Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Objectives. We aimed to summarize and critically evaluate the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods. We searched 13 databases for studies published up to December 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for children with ASD were included. Outcome measures were the overall scores on scales evaluating the core symptoms of ASD and the scores for each symptom, such as social communication ability and skills, stereotypies, language ability, and cognitive function. Effect sizes were presented as mean differences (MD). Results. Twenty-seven RCTs with 1736 participants were included. Acupuncture complementary to behavioral and educational intervention significantly decreased the overall scores on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (MD −8.10, 95% CI −12.80 to −3.40) and the Autism Behavior Checklist (MD −8.92, 95% CI −11.29 to −6.54); however, it was unclear which of the ASD symptoms improved. Acupuncture as a monotherapy also reduced the overall CARS score. The reported adverse events were acceptable. Conclusions. This review suggests that acupuncture may be effective and safe for pediatric ASD. However, it is not conclusive due to the heterogeneity of the acupuncture treatment methods used in the studies
Hsa-miR-125a-3p and hsa-miR-125a-5p are downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and have inverse effects on invasion and migration of lung cancer cells
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Two mature microRNAs (miRNAs), hsa-miR-125a-3p and hsa-miR-125a-5p (collectively referred to as hsa-miR-125a-3p/5p), are derived from 3' and 5' ends of pre-miR-125a, respectively. Although impaired regulation of hsa-miR-125a-5p has been observed in some tumors, the role of this miRNA in invasion and metastasis remains unclear, and few studies have examined the function of hsa-miR-125a-3p. In order to characterize the functions of hsa-miR-125a-3p/5p in invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated the relationships between hsa-miR-125a-3p/5p expression and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC tissues. We also explored the impact of expression of these miRNAs on invasive and migratory capabilities of lung cancer cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Expression of hsa-miR-125a-3p/5p in NSCLC tissues was explored using real-time PCR. The relationships between hsa-miR-125a-3p/5p expression and pathological stage or lymph node metastasis were assessed using the Spearman correlation test. For in vitro studies, lung cancer cells were transfected with sense and antisense 2'-O-methyl oligonucleotides for gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Transwell experiments were performed to evaluate cellular migration and invasion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expression of hsa-miR-125a-3p/5p was lower in NSCLC tissues than in adjacent normal lung tissues (LAC). Furthermore, the results from the Spearman correlation test showed a negative relationship between hsa-miR-125a-3p expression and pathological stage or lymph node metastasis and an inverse relationship between hsa-miR-125a-5p expression and pathological stage or lymph node metastasis. In vitro gain-of-function experiments indicated that hsa-miR-125a-3p and hsa-miR-125a-5p function in an opposing manner, suppressing or enhancing cell migration and invasion in A549 and SPC-A-1 cell lines, respectively. These opposing functions were further validated by suppression of hsa-miR-125a-3p and hsa-miR-125a-5p expression in loss-of-function experiments.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hsa-miR-125a-3p and hsa-miR-125a-5p play distinct roles in regulation of invasive and metastatic capabilities of lung cancer cells, consistent with the opposing correlations between the expression of these miRNAs and lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. These results provide new insights into the roles of miR-125a family members in the development of NSCLC.</p
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