Synergy of Paired Brønsted–Lewis Acid Sites on Defects of Zr-MIL-140A for Methanol Dehydration

As a common defect-capping ligand in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the hydroxyl group normally exhibits Brønsted acidity or basicity, but the presence of inherent hydroxyl groups in the MOF structure makes it a great challenge to identify the exact role of defect-capping hydroxyl groups in catalysis. Herein, we used hydroxyl-free MIL-140A as the platform to generate terminal hydroxyl groups on defect sites via a continuous post-synthetic treatment. The structure and acidity of MIL-140A were properly characterized. The hydroxyl-contained MIL-140A-OH exhibited 4.6-fold higher activity than the pristine MIL-140A in methanol dehydration. Spectroscopic and computational investigations demonstrated that the reaction was initiated by the respective adsorption of two methanol molecules on the terminal-OH and the adjacent Zr vacancy. The dehydration of the adsorbed methanol molecules then occurred in the Brønsted–Lewis acid site co-participated associative pathway with the lowest energy barrier

Data_Sheet_1_Epidemiological investigation and prevention and control strategies of rubella in Anhui province, China, from 2012 to 2021.docx

BackgroundRubella is a highly contagious viral infection with mild manifestations that occurs most often in children and young adults. Infection during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, can result in an infant born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of rubella epidemics in Anhui province from 2012 to 2021 and explore the prevention and control strategies of rubella.MethodsA descriptive epidemiological approach was used to examine the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Anhui Province between 2012 and 2021.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021, a total of 4,987 cases of rubella were reported in Anhui province, with an average annual incidence of 8.11 per million, demonstrating an overall downward trend (χ2 trend =3141.06, P 2 =792.50, P ConclusionThe incidence of rubella in Anhui province from 2012 to 2021 continued to decline, with regional variations observed. The 10–34-year-old population without a history of rubella vaccination is at high risk for the disease. It is suggested to carry out rubella vaccination and congenital rubella syndrome monitoring according to the actual situation.</p

Imported Genotype 2B Rubella Virus Caused the 2012 Outbreak in Anqing City, China

<div><p>A rubella outbreak occurred in Anqing city of Anhui province, China, from February to July of 2012, and a total of 241 clinically diagnosed or lab-confirmed patients were reported. The highest number of rubella cases during this outbreak was recorded in teenagers between 10 and 19 years of age who had not previously received the rubella vaccine. Genotyping results indicated that the genotype 2B rubella virus (RV) was responsible for the outbreak. However, a phylogenetic analysis showed that the genotype 2B RVs isolated in Anqing City were not related to 2B RVs found in other cities of Anhui province and in other provinces of China, thus providing evidence for importation. After importation, the transmission of Anqing RVs was interrupted owing to an effective immunization campaign against rubella, suggesting the timeliness and effectiveness of contingency vaccination. Strengthening rubella surveillance, including the integration of epidemiologic information and laboratory data, is a vital strategy for rubella control and elimination. In addition, except for routine immunization, targeted supplementary immunization activities aimed at susceptible groups according to sero-epidemiological surveillance data also play a key role in stopping the continuous transmission of rubella viruses and in preventing further congenital rubella syndrome cases.</p></div

Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of 27 Anqing RVs (shown in red), 10 RVs collected in 5 cities of Anhui province between 2012 and 2014 (shown in blue), and 11 2B RVs from other provinces of China during 2011–2014 based on the WHO standard 739-nt window.

<p>Genotype 1E and 2B WHO reference strains are indicated by blue triangles.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of 27 rubella virus (RV) sequences from the outbreak in Anqing city and 13 RVs from other cities in Anhui province in 2012, as well as the World Health Organization (WHO) reference sequences based on the WHO standard 739-nt window.

<p>The 32 WHO reference strains are indicated by blue triangles. The viruses from other cities are indicated by bold italic font. The viruses from 6 counties, 3 districts, and 1 county-level city of Anqing outbreak are indicated by different colors; and the first case of the outbreak is indicated by a red circle.</p

The geographic distribution of rubella cases in Anqing City, Anhui province, China.

<p>The geographic distribution of rubella cases in Anqing City, Anhui province, China.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of 27 RVs from the outbreak in Anqing city (shown in red), 14 domestic genotype 2B RVs (2000–2014) (shown in blue), and 50 international genotype 2B RVs (1968–2014) downloaded from the GenBank database based on the WHO standard 739-nt window.

<p>Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of 27 RVs from the outbreak in Anqing city (shown in red), 14 domestic genotype 2B RVs (2000–2014) (shown in blue), and 50 international genotype 2B RVs (1968–2014) downloaded from the GenBank database based on the WHO standard 739-nt window.</p

Enhanced CO₂ Adsorption Performance on Hierarchical Porous ZSM‑5 Zeolite

Hierarchical porous ZSM-5 (HP-ZSM-5) was constructed using organosilanes as the growth inhibitors for CO₂ capture. The properties of adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide, and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. It was found that HP-ZSM-5 samples synthesized by organosilanes had a significant effect on the microstructure and morphology. CO₂ adsorption capacity of HP-ZSM-5 was up to 58.26 cm³ g^–1 at 0 °C and 1 bar, significantly higher than that of the ZSM-5 sample. The effective improvement of CO₂ adsorption performance mainly originated from the micro-/mesoporous composite structure and complex surface morphology, which can provide low-resistant pathways for CO₂ through the porous network. Besides, <i>in situ</i> Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out to study the adsorption process on adsorbents, and the results indicated that a faster physical adsorption process was achieved as a result of the introduction of mesopores

Number of reported rubella cases by age group.

<p>Number of reported rubella cases by age group.</p