Scalable and High-Performance Radiative Cooling Fabrics through an Electrospinning Method

Reduction in human body temperature under hot conditions is a subject of extensive research. Radiative cooling fabrics have attracted considerable attention because the material reduces body temperature without any energy input, saving both energy and the environment. Researchers have been exploring effective and scalable preparation methods for radiative cooling fabrics. Herein, we employed the electrospinning method to prepare a radiative cooling fabric comprising the poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) nanofiber and SiO2 nanoparticles. The fabric had a reflectivity exceeding 0.97 in the solar band and an emissivity of over 0.94 within the atmospheric window. The material achieved a radiative cooling effect of 15.9 °C under direct sunlight using a testing device built in-house. The method is simple and scalable and uses abundant and inexpensive raw materials; the technique can help promote the widespread adoption of radiative cooling fabrics

Data_Sheet_1_Analysis of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase activity in thermophilic fungi by high-performance liquid chromatography–refractive index detector.docx

IntroductionMost current methods for analysing the activity of LPMO are based on the quantification of H2O2, a side product of LPMO; however, these methods cannot assay the LPMO activity of thermophilic fungi because of the low thermostability of H2O2. Therefore, we present a high-performance liquid chromatography–refractive index detector (HPLC-RID) method to assay the LPMO activity of the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus.ResultsAccording to the established method, the specific activities of nTaAA9A C1 and C4 oxidation were successfully analysed and were 0.646 and 0.574 U/mg, respectively. By using these methods, we analyzed the C1 and C4 oxidation activities of the recombinant TaAA9A (rTaAA9A) and mutated rTaAA9A (Y24A, F43A, and Y212A) expressed in Pichia pastoris. The specific activities of rTaAA9A C1 and C4 oxidation were 0.155 and 0.153 U/mg, respectively. The specific activities of Y24A, F43A, and Y212A C1 and C4 oxidation were 0.128 and 0.125 U/mg, 0.194 and 0.192 U/mg, and 0.097 and 0.146 U/mg, respectively.DiscussionIn conclusion, the method can assay the LPMO activity of thermophilic fungi and directly target C1 and C4 oxidation, which provides an effective activity assay method for LPMOs of thermophilic fungi.</p

The Structure of Adsorbed Species on Immobilized Amines in CO₂ Capture: An in Situ IR Study

The nature and structure of adsorbed CO₂ on immobilized amine sorbent in the presence and absence of H₂O vapor have been studied by in situ infrared spectroscopy. CO₂ adsorbed on the primary amine as ammonium carbamate and on the secondary amine as carbamic acid. Adsorbed H₂O mainly on secondary amine enhanced CO₂ capture capacity by increasing accessibility of amine sites and promoting the formation of carbamic acid. The binding strength of the adsorbed species increased in the order: carbamic acid < adsorbed H₂O < paired carbamic acid; ammonium carbamate < ammonium chloride. Flowing argon over the amine sorbent at 50 °C removed weakly adsorbed H₂O and carbamic acid from the secondary amine sites. Raising temperature is required to completely regenerate sorbent by removing strongly adsorbed ammonium carbamate from the primary amine sites and paired carbamic acid. The results of this study clarify the role of H₂O vapor in amine-sorbents for CO₂ capture and provide a molecular basis for the design of the sorbents and operation of amine-based CO₂ capture processes

Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Methane by Isolated Vanadium Oxide Clusters Supported on Au (111) and Ag (111) Surfaces

We use density functional theory, with the GGA-PBE functional, to investigate the ability of vanadium oxide clusters, supported on Ag or Au, to break the C–H bond in methane. We perform a thermodynamic analysis to show that the VO₄ cluster is the most likely oxidant and then proceed to calculate the energy of the dissociative adsorption of methane and its activation energy. We explain some peculiar features of the reaction path and propose that they are general for alkane activation on oxides

Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Methane by Isolated Vanadium Oxide Clusters Supported on Au (111) and Ag (111) Surfaces

We use density functional theory, with the GGA-PBE functional, to investigate the ability of vanadium oxide clusters, supported on Ag or Au, to break the C–H bond in methane. We perform a thermodynamic analysis to show that the VO₄ cluster is the most likely oxidant and then proceed to calculate the energy of the dissociative adsorption of methane and its activation energy. We explain some peculiar features of the reaction path and propose that they are general for alkane activation on oxides

Selective and Sensitive Detection of Methylcytosine by Aerolysin Nanopore under Serum Condition

Detection of DNA methylation in real human serum is of great importance to push the development of clinical research and early diagnosis of human diseases. Herein, taking advantage of stable pore structure of aerolysin in a harsh environment, we distinguish methylated cytosine from cytosine using aerolysin nanopore in human serum. Since wild-type (WT) aerolysin enables high sensitivity detection of DNA, the subtle difference between methylated cytosine and cytosine could be measured directly without any specific designs. Methylated cytosine induced a population of <i>I</i>/<i>I</i>₀ = 0.53 while cytosine was focused on <i>I</i>/<i>I</i>₀ = 0.56. The dwell time of methylated cytosine (5.3 ± 0.1 ms) was much longer than that of cytosine (3.9 ± 0.1 ms), which improves the accuracy for the discrimination of the two oligomers. Moreover, the pore-membrane system could remain stable for more than 2 h and achieve the detection of methylated cytosine with zero-background signal in the presence of serum. Additionally, event frequency of methylated cytosine is in correspondence with the relative concentration and facilitate the quantification of methylation

Water Enhancement in CO₂ Capture by Amines: An Insight into CO₂–H₂O Interactions on Amine Films and Sorbents

Water, a component in flue gas, plays a significant role in CO₂ capture through a complex interaction between water molecules and adsorbed CO₂ on amine sorbents. To determine how the H₂O–CO₂–amine interactions affect amine efficiency and the binding energy of adsorbed CO₂, we used in situ infrared spectroscopy (IR) to determine the structure of adsorbed CO₂ and H₂O as well as their relations to adsorption/desorption kinetics and CO₂ capture capacity on tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) films and Class I amine (i.e., impregnated) sorbents. H₂O enhanced amine efficiency of TEPA films and sorbents by increasing the accessibility of secondary amine sites to CO₂ and promoting the formation of hydronium carbamate and carbamic acid. CO₂ adsorbed on the surface of the TEPA film as a weakly adsorbed CO₂ in the form of hydronium and ammonium–carbamate with a low IR intensity of hydrogen bonding (−OH···^–OOC or −NH···^–OOC) between hydronium/ammonium ions and carbamate ions. CO₂ adsorbed on the middle layers (i.e., 0.2–0.4 μm below the surface) of TEPA films produced a strongly adsorbed species that exhibits an intensive hydrogen bonding band of ammonium–water–carbamate desorbing at temperatures above 120 °C. Comparison of IR spectra shows that the kinetic behaviors of adsorbed CO₂ on amine films are correlated well with those of adsorbed CO₂ on Class I amine sorbents. Thick amine films and high-amine-loading sorbents contain high-density amine sites that produce mainly strongly adsorbed CO₂. Adsorbed H₂O further increased amine efficiency and the binding energy of strongly adsorbed CO₂ through the formation of hydronium carbamate

Supramolecular Assembly of Coronene Derivatives for Drug Delivery

Possessing a small size and <i>C</i>₃-symmetrical rigid backbone, a coronene derivative was synthesized from β-cyclodextrins and hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene, and then a water-soluble and biocompatible nanographene/polysaccharide supramolecular assembly was successfully fabricated through noncovalent interactions between adamantly grafted hyaluronic acids and β-cyclodextrin-modified hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene. Moreover, the ternary supramolecular assembly showed not only a fluorescence imaging ability toward cancer cells but also good anticancer activity and low toxicity

Bimodal Sintered Silver Nanoparticle Paste with Ultrahigh Thermal Conductivity and Shear Strength for High Temperature Thermal Interface Material Applications

A bimodal silver nanoparticle (AgNP) paste has been synthesized via the simple ultrasonic mixing of two types of unimodal AgNPs (10 and 50 nm in diameter). By sintering this paste at 250 °C for 30 min, we obtained an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 278.5 W m^–1 K^–1, approximately 65% of the theoretical value for bulk Ag. The shear strength before and after thermal cycling at 50–200 °C for 1000 cycles was approximately 41.80 and 28.75 MPa, respectively. The results show that this excellent performance is attributable to the unique sintered structures inside the bimodal AgNP paste, including its low but stable porosity and the high density coherent twins. In addition, we systematically discuss the sintering behavior of this paste, including the decomposition of the organic layers and the formation of the coherent twins. On the basis of these results, we confirm that our bimodal AgNP paste has excellent potential as a thermal interface material for high temperature power device applications