Additional file 1: of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanotriangles Synthesized by a Versatile Solution Reaction

The size and the shape distribution histogram of the as-prepared silver nanoparticles. Figure S1. TEM images (a, b, c), the different nanoparticles shapes distributions histogram (d, e, f) and the corresponding edge length distributions histogram (g, h, i) of as-prepared silver nanotriangles with different dosages of seeds solution. (a), (d), and (g) for 0.01 mL; (b), (e), and (h) for 0.1 mL; (c), (f), and (i) for 1 mL. In (d), (e), and (f) the T-N, Q-N, T-T, and R-N are the abbreviations for triangular nanoparticles, quasi-spherical nanoparticles, truncated triangles, and rounded nanoplates. Figure S2. TEM images (a, b, c), the different nanoparticles shapes distributions histogram (d, e, f), and the corresponding edge length distributions histogram (g, h, i) of as-prepared silver nanotriangles with different molar ratio of PVP to AgNO3. (a), (d), and (g) for 1. (b), (e), and (h) for 2. (c), (f), and (i) for 4. In (d), (e), and (f) the T-N, Q-N, T-T and R-N are the abbreviations for triangular nanoparticles, quasi-spherical nanoparticles, truncated triangles, and rounded nanoplates. Figure S3. Absorption spectra of products obtained with the seeds solution dosage as 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mL. Figure S4. Absorption spectra of products obtained when the molar ratio between PVP and AgNO3 as 1, 2 and 4

Efficient Photochemical, Thermal, and Electrochemical Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a Porous Iron-Based Oxide Derived Metal–Organic Framework

Iron-based catalysts are of particular interest for water oxidation because of their high abundance, low toxicity, and rich redox properties. Herein, we report low cost porous iron-based oxides derived from calcining precursors of Prussian blue analogue (PBA) M_<i>x</i>[Fe­(CN)₆]_<i>y</i> (M = Fe, Co, Ni). This synthesis approach involves a simple self-assembly technology and a low-temperature annealing procedure. These catalysts were investigated for photocatalytic, cerium­(IV)-driven, and electrochemical water oxidation, and they exhibited superior activity. It is noteworthy that this photocatalytic water oxidation was conducted under neutral conditions that are similar to the natural photosystem II. The high initial turnover frequency (TOF) of ∼5.4 × 10^–4 s^–1 per transition metal atom at the first 60 s is obtained under neutral pH using porous Co_<i>x</i>Fe_3–<i>x</i>O₄ in photocatalytic water oxidation reaction, which is comparable with those published iron-based catalysts. Under cerium­(IV)-driven water oxidation conditions, the TOF of porous Co_<i>x</i>Fe_3–<i>x</i>O₄ is 5.2 × 10^–4 s^–1 per transition metal atom, which is the highest value among all the documented iron oxides. In the electrochemical water oxidation, the porous Ni_<i>x</i>Fe_3–<i>x</i>O₄ catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 402 mV at 10 mA cm^–2. Meanwhile, the porous iron-based oxides possess beneficial ferromagnetic properties and excellent stability so that they were used repeatedly without loss in activity

The difference in soil C/N ratios among sites (a) and depths (b).

<p>SF-1 and SF-2 are sites of secondary forest while RG-1 and RG-2 are sites of restored grassland. Error bars are standard error (plot to plot and depth to depth, N = 6).</p

The difference in bulk density at secondary forest (SF-1, SF-2) and restored grassland (RG-1, RG-2).

<p>Error bars are standard error (plot to plot and depth to depth, N = 6).</p

The difference in soil organic carbon (SOC) content.

<p>SF-1 and SF-2 are sites of secondary forest while RG-1 and RG-2 are sites of restored grassland. Different lower-case letters denote significant differences among depths within an individual study site; different upper-case letters denote significant differences among vegetation restoration types (<i>P</i><0.05) (plot to plot and depth to depth, N = 6).</p

Variation of carbon isotope fractionation factors (α) at different depth among study sites.

<p>SF-1 and SF-2 are sites of secondary forest while RG-1 and RG-2 are sites of restored grassland. Error bars are standard error (plot to plot and depth to depth, N = 6).</p

Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage (± standard deviation) at sites secondary forest (SF-1 and SF-2) and restored grassland (RG-1 and RG-2).

<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage (± standard deviation) at sites secondary forest (SF-1 and SF-2) and restored grassland (RG-1 and RG-2).</p

Changes in soil δ¹³C values with depth and vegetation restoration types.

<p>SF-1 and SF-2 are sites of secondary forest while RG-1 and RG-2 are sites of restored grassland. Error bars are standard error (plot to plot and depth to depth, N = 6).</p

Relationship between soil δ¹³C values and soil organic carbon (SOC) content.

<p>SF-1 and SF-2 are sites of secondary forest while RG-1 and RG-2 are sites of restored grassland.</p

Sample sites (filled red pentagram) of this study at Yunwu Mountain and Ziwuling Mountain.

<p>Sample sites (filled red pentagram) of this study at Yunwu Mountain and Ziwuling Mountain.</p