Dietary licorice flavonoids powder improves serum antioxidant capacity and immune organ inflammatory responses in weaned piglets

Weaning often induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in piglets. This study investigated the effects of dietary licorice flavonoids powder (LFP) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and immunity in weaned piglets. Notably, 96 Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (DLY) weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four treatments with 6 replicates (4 animals per replicate) and fed with diet supplementation with 0, 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg LFP, respectively. The trial lasted for 5 weeks. The results showed that dietary LFP supplementation effectively increased the liver index (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary LFP supplementation reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase activity (P < 0.01). Piglets fed with 50 mg/kg LFP decreased total cholesterol and HDL-C content in serum (P < 0.05) and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.01). Similarly, supplementation with 150 mg/kg LFP elevated the activity of total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) in serum (P < 0.01) and dietary with 150 and 250 mg/kg LFP increased T-AOC activity in spleen (P < 0.01). Moreover, dietary with 150 mg/kg LFP addition enhanced (P < 0.05) the serum IgG content of piglets. Additionally, compared with the control group, dietary 250 mg/kg LFP supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of Interleukin (IL)-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in the spleen. Meanwhile, dietary 150 and 250 mg/kg LFP supplementation downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA abundance of IL-10, and MCP-1 and 250 mg/kg LFP upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the thymus. In conclusion, LFP supplementation improved the immune function of piglets by regulating the activity of serum biochemical enzymes, improving the antioxidant capacity, and alleviating inflammation of immune organs. This study indicated that LFP is potential alternative protection against early weaned stress in piglets

Musca domestica Cecropin (Mdc) Alleviates Salmonella typhimurium-Induced Colonic Mucosal Barrier Impairment: Associating With Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Response, Tight Junction as Well as Intestinal Flora

Salmonella typhimurium, a Gram-negative food-borne pathogen, induces impairment in intestinal mucosal barrier function frequently. The injury is related to many factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, tight junctions and flora changes in the host intestine. Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc), a novel antimicrobial peptide containing 40 amino acids, has potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and immunological functions. It remains unclear exactly whether and how Mdc reduces colonic mucosal barrier damage caused by S. typhimurium. Twenty four 6-week-old male mice were divided into four groups: normal group, control group (S. typhimurium-challenged), Mdc group, and ceftriaxone sodium group (Cs group). HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to observe the morphology of the colon tissues. Bacterial load of S. typhimurium in colon, liver and spleen were determined by bacterial plate counting. Inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress levels in the colon tissues were also analyzed. Immunofluorescence analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot were carried out to examine the levels of tight junction and inflammatory proteins. The intestinal microbiota composition was assessed via 16s rDNA sequencing. We successfully built and evaluated an S. typhimurium-infection model in mice. Morphology and microcosmic change of the colon tissues confirmed the protective qualities of Mdc. Mdc could inhibit colonic inflammation and oxidative stress. Tight junctions were improved significantly after Mdc administration. Interestingly, Mdc ameliorated intestinal flora imbalance, which may be related to the improvement of tight junction. Our results shed a new light on protective effects and mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide Mdc on colonic mucosal barrier damage caused by S. typhimurium infection. Mdc is expected to be an important candidate for S. typhimurium infection treatment

Self-reductibility of Methylammonium Tungstate

A special property of methylammonium tungstate, so-called self-reductibility is studied in the present paper. The researchshows that the tungstate has the characteristics of self-reductibility when it is heated to certain temperature at which it automati-cally decomposes and reduces itself to lower valency tungsten oxides or even metallic tungsten in N 2 . The higher the temperature,the stronger the self-reductibility. A higher temperature is necessary to form metallic tungsten. New processes for the productionof pure oxides WO 2.72 , WO 2 and metallic tungsten W are developed on the basis of the research of self- reductibility of thetungstate

selfreductibilityofmethylammoniumtungstate

A special property of methylammonium tungstate, so-called self-reductibility is studied in the present paper. The researchshows that the tungstate has the characteristics of self-reductibility when it is heated to certain temperature at which it automati-cally decomposes and reduces itself to lower valency tungsten oxides or even metallic tungsten in N 2 . The higher the temperature,the stronger the self-reductibility. A higher temperature is necessary to form metallic tungsten. New processes for the productionof pure oxides WO 2.72 , WO 2 and metallic tungsten W are developed on the basis of the research of self- reductibility of thetungstate

selfreductibilityofmethylammoniumtungstate

A special property of methylammonium tungstate, so-called self-reductibility is studied in the present paper. The researchshows that the tungstate has the characteristics of self-reductibility when it is heated to certain temperature at which it automati-cally decomposes and reduces itself to lower valency tungsten oxides or even metallic tungsten in N 2 . The higher the temperature,the stronger the self-reductibility. A higher temperature is necessary to form metallic tungsten. New processes for the productionof pure oxides WO 2.72 , WO 2 and metallic tungsten W are developed on the basis of the research of self- reductibility of thetungstate

Self-reductibility of Methylammonium Tungstate

A special property of methylammonium tungstate, so-called self-reductibility is studied in the present paper. The researchshows that the tungstate has the characteristics of self-reductibility when it is heated to certain temperature at which it automati-cally decomposes and reduces itself to lower valency tungsten oxides or even metallic tungsten in N 2 . The higher the temperature,the stronger the self-reductibility. A higher temperature is necessary to form metallic tungsten. New processes for the productionof pure oxides WO 2.72 , WO 2 and metallic tungsten W are developed on the basis of the research of self- reductibility of thetungstate

Zombie Follower Recognition Based on Industrial Chain Feature Analysis

Zombie followers, a type of bot, are longstanding entities in Sina Weibo. Although the features and detection of zombie followers have been extensively studied, zombie followers are continuously increasing in social networks and gradually developing into a large-scale industry. In this study, we analyze the features of eight groups of zombie followers from different companies. The findings indicate that although zombie followers controlled by different companies vary greatly, some industries may be controlled by the same organization. Based on the feature analysis, we use multiple machine learning methods to detect zombie followers, and the results show that zombie follower groups with short registration time are more easily detected. The detection accuracy of zombie followers that have been cultivated for a long duration is low. Moreover, the richer the feature sets, the higher the recall, precision, and F1 of their detection results will be. Under a given rich feature set, the accuracy of the combined-group detection is not as high as that of the single-group detection. The random forest achieves the highest accuracy in both single- and combined-group detections, yielding 99.14% accuracy in the latter case