835 research outputs found
Circadian Timing In Cancer Treatment: A Mini Review On Cancer Chronotherapy
Organisms exhibit rhythmic fluctuations in their behavior and metabolism every 24 hours, a phenomenon controlled by their circadian clock to anticipate changes in the environment. In the past forty years, substantial progress has been made in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian clock and cancer. In this context, researchers have explored the possibility of leveraging the circadian clock to improve cancer treatment. Several randomized controlled trials have investigated the effects of circadian chemotherapy and radiotherapy on drug toxicity and efficacy, with many studies reporting clinically significant outcomes, although some findings remain inconsistent. This mini review aims to summarize the current state of research on chronotherapy in oncology by examining the results of randomized controlled trials investigating chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The goal is to provide an overview of the potential of chronotherapy in the tumor field and to highlight areas where further investigation is needed
An equivalent-effect phenomenon in eddy current non-destructive testing of thin structures
The inductance/impedance due to thin metallic structures in non-destructive
testing (NDT) is difficult to evaluate. In particular, in Finite Element Method
(FEM) eddy current simulation, an extremely fine mesh is required to accurately
simulate skin effects especially at high frequencies, and this could cause an
extremely large total mesh for the whole problem, i.e. including, for example,
other surrounding structures and excitation sources like coils. Consequently,
intensive computation requirements are needed. In this paper, an
equivalent-effect phenomenon is found, which has revealed that alternative
structures can produce the same effect on the sensor response, i.e. mutual
impedance/inductance of coupled coils if a relationship (reciprocal
relationship) between the electrical conductivity and the thickness of the
structure is observed. By using this relationship, the mutual
inductance/impedance can be calculated from the equivalent structures with much
fewer mesh elements, which can significantly save the computation time. In eddy
current NDT, coils inductance/impedance is normally used as a critical
parameter for various industrial applications, such as flaw detection, coating
and microstructure sensing. Theoretical derivation, measurements and
simulations have been presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed
phenomenon
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Silicon-Based Integrated Label-Free Optofluidic Biosensors: Latest Advances and Roadmap
By virtue of the well-developed micro- and nanofabrication technologies and rapidly progressing surface functionalization strategies, silicon-based devices have been widely recognized as a highly promising platform for the next-generation lab-on-a-chip bioanalytical systems with a great potential for point-of-care medical diagnostics. Herein, an overview of the latest advances in silicon-based integrated optofluidic label-free biosensing technologies relying on the efficient interactions between the evanescent light field at the functionalized surface and specifically bound analytes is presented. State-of-the-art technologies demonstrating label-free evanescent wave-based biomarker detection mainly encompass three device configurations, including on-chip waveguide-based interferometers, microring resonators, and photonic-crystal-based cavities. Moreover, up-to-date strategies for elevating the sensitivities and also simplifying the sensing processes are discussed. Emerging laboratory prototypes with advanced integration and packaging schemes incorporating automatic microfluidic components or on-chip optoelectronic devices lead to one significant step forward in real applications of decentralized diagnostics. Besides, particular attention is paid to currently commercialized label-free optical bioanalytical models on the market. Finally, the prospects are elaborated with several research routes toward chip-scale, low-cost, highly sensitive, multi-functional, and user-friendly bioanalytical systems benefiting to global healthcare. © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei
Dynosaur: A Dynamic Growth Paradigm for Instruction-Tuning Data Curation
Instruction tuning has emerged to enhance the capabilities of large language
models (LLMs) to comprehend instructions and generate appropriate responses.
Existing methods either manually annotate or employ LLM (e.g., GPT-series) to
generate data for instruction tuning. However, they often overlook associating
instructions with existing annotated datasets. In this paper, we propose
Dynosaur, a dynamic growth paradigm for the automatic curation of
instruction-tuning data. Based on the metadata of existing datasets, we use
LLMs to automatically construct instruction-tuning data by identifying relevant
data fields and generating appropriate instructions.
By leveraging the existing annotated datasets, Dynosaur offers several
advantages: 1) it reduces the API cost for generating instructions (e.g., it
costs less than $12 USD by calling GPT-3.5-turbo for generating 800K
instruction tuning samples; 2) it provides high-quality data for instruction
tuning (e.g., it performs better than Alpaca and Flan on Super-NI and Longform
with comparable data sizes); and 3) it supports the continuous improvement of
models by generating instruction-tuning data when a new annotated dataset
becomes available. We further investigate a continual learning scheme for
learning with the ever-growing instruction-tuning dataset, and demonstrate that
replaying tasks with diverse instruction embeddings not only helps mitigate
forgetting issues but generalizes to unseen tasks better.
Code and data are available at https://github.com/WadeYin9712/Dynosaur.Comment: EMNLP 2023. Code and data are available at
https://github.com/WadeYin9712/Dynosau
More comprehensive facial inversion for more effective expression recognition
Facial expression recognition (FER) plays a significant role in the
ubiquitous application of computer vision. We revisit this problem with a new
perspective on whether it can acquire useful representations that improve FER
performance in the image generation process, and propose a novel generative
method based on the image inversion mechanism for the FER task, termed
Inversion FER (IFER). Particularly, we devise a novel Adversarial Style
Inversion Transformer (ASIT) towards IFER to comprehensively extract features
of generated facial images. In addition, ASIT is equipped with an image
inversion discriminator that measures the cosine similarity of semantic
features between source and generated images, constrained by a distribution
alignment loss. Finally, we introduce a feature modulation module to fuse the
structural code and latent codes from ASIT for the subsequent FER work. We
extensively evaluate ASIT on facial datasets such as FFHQ and CelebA-HQ,
showing that our approach achieves state-of-the-art facial inversion
performance. IFER also achieves competitive results in facial expression
recognition datasets such as RAF-DB, SFEW and AffectNet. The code and models
are available at https://github.com/Talented-Q/IFER-master
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