3 research outputs found
Analysis of Carotenoids and Gene Expression in Apple Germplasm Resources Reveals the Role of <i>MdCRTISO</i> and <i>MdLCYE</i> in the Accumulation of Carotenoids
Carotenoids play an important role in the coloring and
nutritional
value of apple (Malus spp.) fruits. Here, six carotenoids,
including lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin,
violaxanthin, and neoxanthin, were detected in 105 fruits of apple
germplasm resources, which showed a skewed distribution in both the
peel and pulp. There were more carotenoids in the peel than in the
pulp, and lutein and β-carotene were the primary carotenoids
that were present. The expression levels of most carotenoid pathway
genes in germplasm fruits during fruit development were higher in
the fruits that had an abundance of carotenoids. A linear relationship
analysis showed that the expression levels of MdCRTISO and MdLCYE were highly correlated with the content
of carotenoids. The leaves accumulated the greatest number of carotenoids,
while the roots had the lowest amount. MdCRTISO and MdLCYE were highly expressed in the fruits compared to other
tissues. Transgenic calli and transiently transformed fruits confirmed
that MdCRTISO and MdLCYE affected
the biosynthesis of carotenoids owing to their effects on the expression
of other genes for enzymes in the carotenoid pathway. Our findings
will extend the understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple
and excavate apple germplasm resources with rich carotenoids to breed
high-quality apples
Unraveling the Characteristic Shape for Magnetic Field Effects in Polymer–Fullerene Solar Cells
Spin-dependent
effects in organic solar cells (OSCs) are responsible
for tuning the electric current when an external magnetic field is
applied. Here, we report the magnetic field effect (MFE) on wide-bandgap
(WBG) solar cells based on the polymers PBDTÂ(O)-T1 and PBDTÂ(Se)-T1
blended with PC<sub>70</sub>BM. Furthermore, we propose an experimental
method based on the electrical transport (<i>i</i>–<i>V</i>) measurements to unveil the negative magneto conductance
(MC) at small bias. The observed curves in a double-logarithmic scale
display a particular S-like shape, independent of the OSC power conversion
efficiency (PCE) or MC amplitudes. Additionally, from the slope of
the S-like shape curve, it is possible to identify the fullerene concentrations
that would result in the minimum MC and the maximum PCE. Our work
opens up a door to find more patterns to describe MFE and PCE in polymer–fullerene
solar cells, without the application of external magnetic or luminous
sources
PEDOT:PSS-Nafion/n-Si Hybrid Heterojunction TOPCon Solar Cells: Experiment and Simulation
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS)
is one of the most popular hole transport materials for replacing
traditional high-temperature boron diffusion technology due to its
low cost and easy preparation. However, pristine PEDOT:PSS has drawbacks,
such as poor work function (WF) and poor film quality, which inhibit
the improvement of cell efficiency. According to current research
reports, a single dopant can improve only one of these two drawbacks.
In this paper, we used Nafion to simultaneously improve the WF and
wettability of PEDOT:PSS for preparing novel PEDOT:PSS/n-Si hybrid
heterojunction solar cells with a tunnel-oxide passivated contact
(TOPCon) back surface field structure, which we call PEDOT:PSS-Nafion
(PPN)/n-Si hybrid heterojunction TOPCon solar cell. A cell efficiency
of 11.08% was achieved after optimizing the ratio of PEDOT:PSS and
Nafion. The three easily improved parameters, namely, series resistance
(RS), reflectivity, and WF, were studied
and optimized through simulation, achieving a cell efficiency of 20.66%.
To reduce RS in the experiment, the Triton
X-100-doped PEDOT:PSS film (PPTX) was introduced between the n-Si
and PPN films to form highly conductive PPN/PPTX double hole transport
layers, and the cell efficiency was increased from 11.08 to 13.7%.
The experimental and simulated work presented a new thought and practical
guidance for realizing low-cost, easy preparation, and high-efficiency
silicon-based solar cells