Delocalized Chern character for stringy orbifold K-theory

In this paper, we define a stringy product on K^*_{orb}(\XX) \otimes \C , the orbifold K-theory of any almost complex presentable orbifold \XX. We establish that under this stringy product, the de-locaized Chern character ch_{deloc} : K^*_{orb}(\XX) \otimes \C \longrightarrow H^*_{CR}(\XX), after a canonical modification, is a ring isomorphism. Here H^*_{CR}(\XX) is the Chen-Ruan cohomology of \XX. The proof relies on an intrinsic description of the obstruction bundles in the construction of Chen-Ruan product. As an application, we investigate this stringy product on the equivariant K-theory $K^*_G(G)$ of a finite group $G$ with the conjugation action. It turns out that the stringy product is different from the Pontryajin product (the latter is also called the fusion product in string theory).Comment: 34 pages. Final version to appear in Trans. of AMS. Improve the expositions and Change of the title thanks the referee

Delocalized Chern character for stringy orbifold K-theory

In this paper, we define a stringy product on K*orb(X) ⊗ ℂ, the orbifold K-theory of any almost complex presentable orbifold X. We establish that under this stringy product, the delocalized Chern character chdeloc: K*orb(X) ⊗ ℂ -→ H*C R(X), after a canon

Calculated Terahertz Spectra of Glycine Oligopeptide Solutions Confined in Carbon Nanotubes

To reduce the intense terahertz (THz) wave absorption of water and increase the signal-to-noise ratio, the THz spectroscopy detection of biomolecules usually operates using the nanofluidic channel technologies in practice. The effects of confinement due to the existence of nanofluidic channels on the conformation and dynamics of biomolecules are well known. However, studies of confinement effects on the THz spectra of biomolecules are still not clear. In this work, extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the THz spectra of the glycine oligopeptide solutions in free and confined environments. THz spectra of the oligopeptide solutions confined in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different radii are calculated and compared. Results indicate that with the increase of the degree of confinement (the reverse of the radius of CNT), the THz absorption coefficient decreases monotonically. By analyzing the diffusion coefficient and dielectric relaxation dynamics, the hydrogen bond life, and the vibration density of the state of the water molecules in free solution and in CNTs, we conclude that the confinement effects on the THz spectra of biomolecule solutions are mainly to slow down the dynamics of water molecules and hence to reduce the THz absorption of the whole solution in confined environments

Bi-objective optimization for single-machine batch scheduling considering energy cost

International audienceElectricity is one of most widely used energies and encouraged to be saved by scientific management and new technologies such as Time-of-Use policy. Batch scheduling can significantly improve production efficiency and is used in many high electricity consumption and high technology industries. This paper investigates a new bi-objective single machine batch scheduling problem with TOU policy. The first objective is to improve productivity and the second aims to minimize the total electricity cost. For the problem, a bi-objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model is formulated. Its corresponding single objective optimization problems are linearized by analyzed properties such that the multiobjective e-constraint method can be used to obtain Pareto solutions

RSV recombinant candidate vaccine G1F/M2 with CpG as an adjuvant prevents vaccine-associated lung inflammation, which may be associated with the appropriate types of immune memory in spleens and lungs

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major respiratory pathogen in infants. The early formalin-inactivated RSV not only failed to protect infants against infection, but also was associated with enhanced pulmonary inflammatory disease upon natural infection. A safe and effective vaccine should prevent the inflammatory disease and provide protection. Immune memory is the cornerstone of vaccines. In this study, we evaluated three types of immune memory T cells, antibodies, and lung inflammation of a vaccine candidate G1F/M2, which includes a neutralizing epitope fragment of RSV G protein and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope of M2 protein, with toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG2006 as an adjuvant by intranasal (i.n.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization protocols. The results indicated that immunization of mice with G1F/M2 + CpG i.p. induced significantly higher level of CD4+ or CD8+ central memory (TCM), Th1-type effector memory (TEM), and balanced ratio of IgG1/IgG2a, but lower level of lung tissue-resident memory (TRM), compared with immunization with G1F/M2 + CpG i.n., G1F/M2 i.n., or G1F/M2 i.p. Following RSV challenge, the mice immunized with G1F/M2 + CpG i.p. showed higher level of Th1-type responses, remarkably suppressed inflammatory cytokines and histopathology in lungs, compared with mice immunized with G1F/M2 + CpG i.n., G1F/M2 i.n., or G1F/M2 i.p. These results suggested that high level of TCM and Th1 type of TEM in spleens may contribute to inhibition of lung inflammation, while high level of TRM in lungs and lack of or weak Th1-type immune memory in spleens may promote lung inflammation following RSV challenge

Sex-specific responses of Populus yunnanensis exposed to elevated CO2 and salinity

Populus yunnanensis Dode., a native dioecious woody plant in southwestern China, was employed as a model species to study sex-specific morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to elevated CO2 and salinity. To investigate the effects of elevated CO2, salinity and their combination, the cuttings were exposed to two CO2 regimes (ambient CO2 and double ambient CO2) and two salt treatments in growth chambers. Males exhibited greater downregulation of net photosynthesis rate (Anet) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) than females at elevated CO2, whereas these sexual differences were lessened under salt stress. On the other hand, salinity induced a higher decrease in Anet and CE, more growth inhibition and leaf Cl accumulation and more damage to cell organelles in females than in males, whereas the sexual differences in photosynthesis and growth were lessened at elevated CO2. Moreover, elevated CO2 exacerbated membrane lipid peroxidation and organelle damage in females but not in males under salt stress. Our results indicated that: (1) females are more sensitive and suffer from greater negative effects than do males under salt stress, and elevated CO2 lessens the sexual differences in photosynthesis and growth under salt stress; (2) elevated CO2 tends to aggravate the negative effects of salinity in females; and (3) sex-specific reactions under the combination of elevated CO2 and salinity are distinct from single-stress responses. Therefore, these results provide evidence for different adaptive responses between plants of different sexes exposed to elevated CO2 and salinity