Association between gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in non-smokers.

<p>Association between gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in non-smokers.</p

Adoptive Immunotherapy in Postoperative Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Adoptive immunotherapy (AI) has been applied in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but the value of postoperative AI has been inconclusive largely as a result of the small number of patients included in each study. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this issue for patients with postoperative NSCLC.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing adoptive immunotherapy with control therapies in postoperative NSCLC patients. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a fixed-effect model.</p><p>Results</p><p>Compared with control therapies, analyses of 4 randomized controlled trials (472 patients) showed a significant benefit of adoptive immunotherapy on survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.84, p = 0.002), and a 39% reduction in the relative risk of death (no evidence of a difference between trials; p = 0.16, I² = 42%). In subgroup analyses by treatment cycles and treatment regimen, significant OS benefit was found in combination therapy of AI with chemotherapy, regardless of whether or not the treatment cycles were more than 10 cycles.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Adoptive immunotherapy has the potential to improve overall survival in postoperative NSCLC. The findings suggest this is a valid treatment option for these patients. Further randomized clinical trials are urgently needed.</p></div

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns of the two SNPs in 15q25.1.

<p>Numbers inside the boxes represent <i>r</i>² values for LD. Colors indicate the strength of LD between pair-wise combinations of SNPs (white, low LD; red, high LD).</p

Risk of bias in included studies.

<p>Risk of bias in included studies.</p

Additional file 1: of The pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase/adenosine deaminase ratio differentiates between tuberculous and parapneumonic pleural effusions

Excel: Pleural fluid results of LDHADA of the TPE and PPE patients. (XLS 26 kb

Characteristics of Included Studies for Meta-Analysis.

<p>Characteristics of Included Studies for Meta-Analysis.</p

Forest plot of hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival in AI group versus control group.

<p>Forest plot of hazard ratio (HR) of overall survival in AI group versus control group.</p

Interaction between gene polymorphisms and smoking behaviors on lung cancer risk.

<p>Interaction between gene polymorphisms and smoking behaviors on lung cancer risk.</p

Comparison of demographic characteristics between case and control groups.

<p>Comparison of demographic characteristics between case and control groups.</p

Chromosome 15q25 (<i>CHRNA3-CHRNB4</i>) Variation Indirectly Impacts Lung Cancer Risk in Chinese Males

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Caucasian populations have identified an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <i>CHRNA5-A3-B4</i> nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene cluster on chromosome 15q25, lung cancer risk and smoking behaviors. However, these SNPs are rare in Asians, and there is currently no consensus on whether SNPs in <i>CHRNA5-A3-B4</i> have a direct or indirect carcinogenic effect through smoking behaviors on lung cancer risk. Though some studies confirmed rs6495308 polymorphisms to be associated with smoking behaviors and lung cancer, no research was conducted in China. Using a case-control study, we decided to investigate the associations between <i>CHRNA3</i> rs6495308, <i>CHRNB4</i> rs11072768, smoking behaviors and lung cancer risk, as well as explore whether the two SNPs have a direct or indirect carcinogenic effect on lung cancer.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A total of 1025 males were interviewed using a structured questionnaire (204 male lung cancer patients and 821 healthy men) to acquire socio-demographic status and smoking behaviors. Venous blood samples were collected to measure rs6495308 and rs11072768 gene polymorphisms. All subjects were divided into 3 groups: non-smokers, light smokers (1–15 cigarettes per day) and heavy smokers (>15 cigarettes per day).</p><p>Results</p><p>Compared to wild genotype, rs6495308 and rs11072768 variant genotypes reported smoking more cigarettes per day and a higher pack-years of smoking (P<0.05). More importantly, among smokers, both rs6495308 CT/TT and rs11072768 GT/GG had a higher risk of lung cancer compared to wild genotype without adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.09–1.95; OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.07–1.58 respectively). Furthermore, heavy smokers with rs6495308 or rs11072768 variant genotypes have a positive interactive effect on lung cancer after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.01–3.09; OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.01–3.41 respectively). However, No significant associations were found between lung cancer risk and both rs6495308 and rs11072768 genotypes among non-smokers and smokers after adjusting for age, occupation, and education.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>This study confirmed both rs6495308 and rs11072768 gene polymorphisms association with smoking behaviors and had an indirect link between gene polymorphisms and lung cancer risk.</p></div